Unlocking Mixed-Metal Oxides Active Centers via Acidity Regulation for K&SO2 Poisoning Resistance: Self-Detoxification Mechanism of Zeolite-Confined deNOx Catalysts.

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with ammonia (NH3-SCR) is an efficient NOx reduction strategy, while the denitrification (deNOx) catalysts suffer from serious deactivation due to the coexistence of multiple poisoning substances, such as alkali metal (e.g., K), SO2, etc., in industrial flue gases. It is essential to understand the interaction among various poisons and their effects on the deNOx process. Herein, the ZSM-5 zeolite-confined MnSmOx mixed (MnSmOx@ZSM-5) catalyst exhibited better deNOx performance after the poisoning of K, SO2, and/or K&SO2 than the MnSmOx and MnSmOx/ZSM-5 catalysts, the deNOx activity of which at high temperature (H-T) increased significantly (>90% NOx conversion in the range of 220-480 °C). It has been demonstrated that K would occupy both redox and acidic sites, which severely reduced the reactivity of MnSmOx/ZSM-5 catalysts. The most important, K element is preferentially deposited at -OH on the surface of ZSM-5 carrier due to the electrostatic attraction (-O-K). As for the K&SO2 poisoning catalyst, SO2 preferred to be combined with the surface-deposited K (-O-K-SO2ads) according to XPS and density functional theory (DFT) results, the poisoned active sites by K would be released. The K migration behavior was induced by SO2 over K-poisoned MnSmOx@ZSM-5 catalysts, and the balance of surface redox and acidic site was regulated, like a synergistic promoter, which led to K-poisoning buffering and activity recovery. This work contributes to the understanding of the self-detoxification interaction between alkali metals (e.g., K) and SO2 on deNOx catalysts and provides a novel strategy for the adaptive use of one poisoning substance to counter another for practical NOx reduction.

Bile acid restrained T cell activation explains cholestasis aggravated hepatitis B virus infection.

Cholestasis is a common complication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, characterized by increased intrahepatic and plasma bile acid levels. Cholestasis was found negatively associated with hepatitis outcome, however, the exact mechanism by which cholestasis impacts anti-viral immunity and impedes HBV clearance remains elusive. Here, we found that cholestatic mice are featured with dysfunctional T cells response, as indicated by decreased sub-population of CD25+ /CD69+ CD4+ and CD8+ cells, while CTLA-4+ CD4+ and CD8+ subsets were increased. Mechanistically, bile acids disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis via inhibiting mitochondria calcium uptake and elevating cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, leading to STIM1 and ORAI1 decoupling and impaired store-operated Ca2+ entry which is essential for NFAT signaling and T cells activation. Moreover, in a transgenic mouse model of HBV infection, we confirmed that cholestasis compromised both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activation resulting in poor viral clearance. Collectively, our results suggest that bile acids play pivotal roles in anti-HBV infection via controlling T cells activation and metabolism and that targeting the regulation of bile acids may be a therapeutic strategy for host-virus defense.

Synergistic effect of F and triggered oxygen vacancies over F-TiO2 on enhancing NO ozonation.

Oxidation-absorption technology is a key step for NOx removal from low-temperature gas. Under the condition of low O3 concentration (O3/NO molar ratio = 0.6), F-TiO2 (F-TiO2), which is cheap and environmentally friendly, has been prepared as ozonation catalysts for NO oxidation. Catalytic activity tests performed at 120°C showed that the NO oxidation efficiency of F-TiO2 samples was higher than that of TiO2 (about 43.7%), and the NO oxidation efficiency of F-TiO2-0.15 was the highest, which was 65.3%. Combined with physicochemical characteristics of catalysts and the analysis of active species, it was found that there was a synergistic effect between F sites and oxygen vacancies on F-TiO2, which could accelerate the transformation of monomolecular O3 into multi-molecule singlet oxygen (1O2), thus promoting the selective oxidation of NO to NO2. The oxidation reaction of NO on F-TiO2-0.15 follows the Eley-Rideal mechanism, that is, gaseous NO reacts with adsorbed O3 and finally form NO2.

Mechanism and Kinetic Study of Cyclodextrin Use to Facilitate NO2 Absorption in Sulfite Solutions.

An innovative strategy to control nitrogen oxide emission from flue gas was developed using the wet flue gas denitrification technology. The use of cyclodextrin (CD) as an additive facilitated NO2 absorption by the sulfite absorbent. Compared with absorption by a sulfite solution (59.12%), the instantaneous absorption efficiencies employing CD improved to 94.57%. Moreover, 48 h of continuous absorption indicated cyclic utilization of CD. The favorable role of CD was ascribed to facilitating the limiting step for the entire NO2 absorption-dissolution process which included both water solubility and gas-liquid mass transfer. Furthermore, we propose a potential mechanism of CD/sulfite mixed solution absorbing NO2, among which the favorable role of the additive is related to its amphiphilic behavior toward gas and liquid phases. Additionally, a kinetic model describing the rates of gas-liquid transfer and macro absorption was established based on various operating conditions. This model explains the absorption improvement in the kinetic aspect and provides theoretical guidance for practical applications.

SO2 Poisoning Mechanism of the Multi-active Center Catalyst for Chlorobenzene and NOx Synergistic Degradation at Dry and Humid Environments.

The performance of fresh (PdV/TiO2), sulfur poisoned (Used-S and Used-H), and regenerated (Used-RS and Used-RH) multi-active center catalysts for chlorobenzene catalytic oxidation and selective catalytic reduction (CBCO + SCR) reaction is investigated. The reaction on the catalyst surface is blocked after sulfur poisoning owing to the occupation and deposition of catalyst active centers (mainly Pd centers) by PdSO4 (and/or PdS in a dry environment) and NH4HSO4 species, especially the CBCO process. Sulfates (mainly NH4HSO4) on the sulfur poisoned catalyst surface are partially decomposed after 400 °C thermal regeneration, while the deactivation caused by the formation of PdSO4 species is irreversible. Density functional theory calculation results show that in the PdSO4 and NH4HSO4 generation paths, each step of the elementary reaction has just a small energy barrier to overcome, and the stability of the product for each elementary reaction increases gradually. Even worse, SO2 is easily combined with H2O gas molecules to form H2SO3 in a humid environment, and the energy barrier for conversion of SO32- to SO42- is just 0.041 eV. The two oxygen vacancies (VOx-1 or TiOx-1) provide adsorption sites for CBCO + SCR reaction gas molecules but do not exhibit adsorption properties for SO2, which gives a possible idea for optimization of sulfur resistance. The present work is favorable for further synergistic removal of CB/NOx by the catalyst for anti-SO2 poisoning modification and application in the manufacture industry.

Early diagnosis and post-operative follow-up of 50 Chinese children with craniopharyngioma.

BACKGROUND: Craniopharyngioma is a relatively common congenital intracranial tumour for children. But only few available studies focused on the endocrine evaluation before diagnosis and post-operative endocrine evaluations of children with craniopharyngioma. AIM: This study aims to aid in the early diagnosis of craniopharyngioma (CP) and follow-up post-operative children suffered from craniopharyngioma. METHODS: Craniopharyngioma patients, as the CP group (n = 50), and healthy children, as the control group (n = 30), the symptoms and pituitary hormone levels were reviewed and investigated. RESULTS: The pre-operative levels of peak of GH, IGF-1, FT4, ACTH, COR and PRL of CP patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (all the P ≤ 0.001). Levels of pituitary-hormones after surgery were significantly lower than both those before surgery and those of the control group (all the P ≤ 0.001). HGH treatment could significantly improve the growth velocity of post-operative children (3.8 ± 1.5 cm/year vs 13.0 ± 3.4 cm/year for males, P ≤ 0.001; 4.0 ± 1.3 cm/year vs 12.7 ± 1.8 cm/year for females, P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children presenting with endocrine disturbance symptoms combined with pituitary hormone deficits should be assessed by MRI to exclude craniopharyngioma earlier. Also, long-term follow-up study was very essential to craniopharyngioma survivors.

[Efficacy of letrozole in treatment of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of letrozole in treatment of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). METHODS: Twenty eight children, including 19 boys and 9 girls aged 4-10y, with CAH due to 21-OHD were enrolled in the study. At the first six months of study, all children received conventional treatment with hydrocortisone or fludrocortisone, then letrozole was added to original regimen. The height velocity (HV), difference between bone age and chronological age (BA-CA), height standard diviation score based on bone age (HtSDS BA), predicted adult height (PAH), Tanner phase, sex hormone, and possible adverse reaction were evaluated and compared between those before and after letrozole treatment. RESULTS: After 6 months of letrozole treatment, there was significant deceleration of HV, but it would recover soon. There was significant increase of HtSDS BA after 12 months of letrozole treatment ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and significant changes in BA-CA after 18 months of letrozole treatment ( P < 0.05). PAH of female children was significantly increased during letrozole treatment ( P < 0.05), whereas PAH of male children was significantly increased 18 months after letrozole treatment ( P < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly increased, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria of central precocious puberty. Estradiol was significantly decreased ( P < 0.01), but no changes in testosterone level was observed. During 24 months letrozole treatment, no hirsutism, severe acne, headache, bone pain, obesity, hypertension, rash and other adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Letrozole can delay bone maturation and improve PAH, which can be used with conventional treatment for children with CAH due to 21-OHD, especially for those with high BA and low PAH.

A study on the NH3-SCR performance and reaction mechanism of a cost-effective and environment-friendly black TiO2 catalyst.

In this paper, black TiO2 without adding active components was developed for NH3-SCR-DeNOx. The catalytic activity tests showed that the NO removal efficiency of black TiO2 was always greater than 90% at 330-390 °C, which almost reached that of the commercial NH3-SCR-DeNOx catalyst. XRD, UV-vis, TG, EPR, XPS, H2-TPR, DFT and NH3-TPD analyses were carried out to study the structure-effectiveness relationship. We found that a large number of oxygen vacancies were formed over the black TiO2 surface. It was not only promoted the adsorption of NH3via direct (oxygen vacancies as Lewis acid sites for NH3 adsorption) and indirect (oxygen vacancies promote the formation of surface hydroxyl groups, which are Brønsted acid sites for NH3 adsorption) forms, but also improved the redox properties by promoting the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+. These changes lead to the superior catalytic activity of black TiO2 for NH3-SCR-DeNOx. Additionally, an in situ DRIFT study demonstrated that the NH3-SCR-DeNOx reaction over black TiO2 occurred via the Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism. Finally, the catalytic stability and resistance to H2O and SO2 of the black TiO2 catalyst were studied, and it showed good performances. This study offered new and important insights into the understanding of the role of oxygen vacancies in determining the physical and chemical properties of catalysts.

Effects of synthesis methods on catalytic activities of CoOx-TiO2 for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NO.

A series of cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2) and CoOx loaded TiO2 (Co/TiO2) catalysts prepared by sol-gel and impregnation methods respectively were investigated on selective catalytic reduction with NH3 (NH3-SCR) of NO. It was found that Co-TiO2 catalyst showed more preferable catalytic activity at low temperature range. From characterization results of XRD, TEM, Raman and FT-IR, Co species were proved to be doped into TiO2 lattice by replaced Ti atoms. After being characterized and analyzed by NH3-TPD, PL, XPS, EPR and DRIFTS, it was found that the better NH3-SCR activities of Co-TiO2 catalysts, compared with Co/TiO2 catalyst, were ascribed to the formation of more oxygen vacancies which further promoted the production of more superoxide ions (O2-). The superoxide ions were crucial for the formation of low temperature SCR reaction intermediates (NO3-) by reacting with adsorbed NO molecule. Therefore, these aspects were responsible for the higher low temperature NH3-SCR activity of Co-TiO2 catalysts.

Controllable synthesis of 3D BiVO4 superstructures with visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of NO in the gas phase and mechanistic analysis.

A surfactant-free solvothermal method was developed for the controlled synthesis of diverse 3D ms-BiVO4 superstructures, including a flower, a double-layer half-open flower and a hollow tube with square cross-sections, via facilely adjusting the pH values with the aid of NH3·H2O. The effects of the morphologies of the prepared 3D ms-BiVO4 superstructure on the photocatalytic oxidation of NO were investigated, indicating that the enhanced photoactivity was not related to the surface area, but associated with the unique morphology, surface structure and good crystallinity. Moreover, the flower-like ms-BiVO4 photocatalyst with a more (040) reactive crystal plane exhibited higher photoactivity than those of other samples. The unique morphology helped with flushing the oxidation products accumulated on the surface of photocatalysts in the H2O2 system, and further improved the photoactivity. A trapping experiment was also conducted to examine the effects of the active species involved in the PCO of NO intuitively.

The enhancement for SCR of NO by NH3 over the H2 or CO pretreated Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.

H2 or CO pretreatment had been processed on the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst which significantly enhanced its NH3-SCR activity. The main purpose of this study was to prove that the impacts of pretreatment on silver species caused the enhancement. XRD, UV-vis, XPS, in situ FTIR and NO-TPD results showed the relationship between pretreatment, Ag species, NOX adsorption and NOX conversion. Extra nitrates were adsorbed on the Ag clusters which were produced by the pretreatment, thereby enhancing the activity. The reactivities between NO and NH3 had been studied. The difference between CO-pretreatment and H2-pretreatment had also been discussed. Furthermore, the durability and stability of the pretreated sample were tested. Therefore, a modified Ag2O/Al2O3 catalyst for NH3-SCR was researched.

Enhanced water resistance mechanism in Ag-Hollandite for catalytic ozone decomposition.

Catalytic ozone (O3) decomposition at ambient temperature is an efficient method to mitigate O3 pollution. However, practical application is hindered by the poor water resistance of catalysts. Herein, Ag-Hollandite (Ag-HMO) with varying Ag+ content was synthesized. Catalysts with more Ag+ exhibited improved efficiency and water-resistance, with the optimal one maintaining 98% O3 conversion at 70% relative humidity (RH) within 8 h. Physicochemical characterizations revealed that Ag+ had entered the tunnel of OMS-2, facilitating oxygen species removal. Notably, enhanced H2O desorption and the complete inhibition of chemisorbed water formation on Ag-HMO were the primary reasons for its high-efficiency O3 conversion across a wide humidity range. The underlying mechanism arises from the charge redistribution induced by the Ag-O interaction within the tunnel, which reduces acidity and modulates hydrophilicity. This study aims to contribute insights for designing catalysts with higher water-resistance.

Synthesis Ag-Hollandite by mild route for highly efficient ozone decomposition.

Catalytic ozone (O3) decomposition is a promising technology for curbing indoor O3 pollution, whereas its application is limited by the stability and moisture resistance of heterogeneous catalysts. Ag-Hollandite is a capable solution, but its facile synthesis still lacks systematic investigation. In this study, Ag-Hollandite catalysts were prepared using AgMnO4 as the precursor by reflux (AMO-Re), hydrothermal (AMO-HT), and homogeneous (AMO-HR) methods, respectively. The as-prepared samples showed excellent stability under moisture conditions, with the optimal one maintaining an O3 conversion rate of 99.19 % after 100 h. In the characterization results, Ramsdellite (R-MnO2) was identified as an intermediate species in the synthesis. AMO-HR exhibits higher activity due to enhanced active site exposure and weakened adsorption towards *OO species, while reduced surface hydroxyl content was a crucial factor for moisture resistance. This study aims to contribute insights for preparing catalysts by a facile method.

Extracellular vesicles derived from HuMSCs alleviate daunorubicin-induced cardiac microvascular injury via miR-186-5p/PARP9/STAT1 signal pathway.

Introduction: It is essential to acknowledge that the cardiovascular toxicity associated with anthracycline drugs can be partially attributed to the damage inflicted on blood vessels and endothelial cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to repair cellular processes and promote tissue regeneration through the transfer of signaling molecules such as miRNAs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MSC-EVs on daunorubicin (DNR)-damaged human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC) and developing blood vessels of Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) in vivo. Materials and methods: We constructed in vitro and in vivo models of DNR-damaged endothelial cells and developing blood vessel. Scratch wound assays, EdU assays, tube formation assays, and SA-ß-Gal staining were used to evaluate the effects of MSC-EVs on cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis capacity and cell senescence. Blood vessel area was used to assess the effects of MSC-EVs on CAM vasculature. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory molecules. RNA sequencing was employed to compare differential gene expression and downstream regulatory mechanisms. RNA interference experiments and miRNA mimic overexpression experiments were used to validate the regulatory effects of target genes and downstream signaling pathways. Results: We found that MSC-EVs improved the migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis of HCMEC, while also alleviating cellular senescence. The angiogenic effect on the developing blood vessels was confirmed in vivo. We identified that MSC-EVs downregulated the expression of PARP9, thereby inhibiting the STAT1/pSTAT1 signaling pathway. This downregulation effect is likely mediated by the transfer of miR-186-5p from MSC-EVs to HCMEC. Overexpression of miR-186-5p in DNR-damaged HCMEC also exhibited the aforementioned downregulation effect. In vivo, the introduction of miR-186-5p mimics enhanced angiogenesis in the CAM model. Conclusions: To summarize, our study reveals that MSC-EVs can restore the cellular function of DNR-damaged HCMEC and alleviate cellular senescence through the miR-185-5p-PARP9-STAT1/pSTAT1 pathway. This finding highlights the potential of MSC-EVs as a therapeutic strategy for mitigating the detrimental effects of anthracycline-induced endothelial damage.

Built-in electric field mediated S-scheme charge migration and Co-N4(II) sites in cobalt phthalocyanine/MIL-68(In)-NH2 heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic nitric oxide oxidation.

The efficiency of photocatalytic Nitric Oxide(NO) oxidation is limited by the lack of oxygen(O2) active sites and poor charge carrier separation. To address this challenge, we developed a molecular Cobalt Phthalocyanine modified MIL-68(In)-NH2 photocatalyst with a robust Built-in electric field(BIEF). In the 2 % CoPc-MIN sample, the BIEF strength is increased by 3.54 times and 5.83 times compared to pristine CoPc and MIL-68(In)-NH2, respectively. This BIEF facilitates the efficient S-scheme charge transfer, thereby enhancing photogenerated carrier separation. Additionally, the Co-N4(II) sites in CoPc can effectively trap the separated photoexcited electrons in the S-scheme system. In addition, the Co-N4(II) sites can also serve as active sites for O2 adsorption and activation, promoting the generation of superoxide radical (O2-), thereby driving the direct conversion of NO to nitrate(NO3-). Consequently, the 2 % CoPc-MIN sample exhibits a remarkable photocatalytic NO removal efficiency of 79.37 % while effectively suppressing the formation of harmful by-product nitrogen dioxide(NO2) to below 3.5 ppb. This study provides a feasible strategy for designing high-efficiency O2 activation photocatalysts for NO oxidation.

Epitaxial growth of Bi4Ti3O12-BiPO4 Z-scheme heterojunction to promote carrier transfer for photocatalytic oxidation of NO.

The lack of compactness in heterojunction interfaces and poor charge separation is a great challenge in developing high-efficiency heterojunction photocatalysts. Herein, a novel Bi4Ti3O12-BiPO4 heterojunction was successfully prepared for the first time by epitaxial growth of BiPO4 on the surface of Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets. The optimized Bi4Ti3O12-BiPO4-0.5 increased the NO oxidation efficiency to 73.05%, surpassing pure Bi4Ti3O12 (63.45%) and BiPO4 (8.35%). Experiments and theoretical calculations indicated that the closely contacted heterointerface between BTO and BPO promoted the generation of the built-in electric field, which led to the formation of the Z- scheme transfer pathway for the photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the separation of photogenerated carriers was facilitated while retaining high redox potential, generating more ·O2- and ·OH to participate in NO oxidation. Furthermore, the adsorption of NO and O2 was enhanced by introducing BiPO4, further improving the photocatalytic NO oxidation performance. This work emphasizes the critical role of heterointerface in accelerating charge transfer, providing a basis for the design and construction of tightly contacted heterojunction photocatalysts.

Synthetic Pt-Fe(OH) x catalysts by one-pot method for CO catalytic oxidation.

Catalytic oxidation is used to control carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from industrial exhaust. In this work, The prepared Pta-Fe(OH) x catalysts (x represents the mass fraction of Pt loading (%), a = 0.5, 1 and 2) by the one-pot reduction method exhibited excellent CO catalytic activity, with the Pt2-Fe(OH) x catalyst, 70% and ∼100% CO conversion was achieved at 30°C and 60°C, respectively. In addition, the Pt2-Fe(OH) x catalyst also showed excellent H2O resistance and hydrothermal stability in comparison to the Pt2/Fe(OH) x catalyst prepared by impregnation method. Characterization results showed that the excellent catalytic performance of the catalysts was mainly attributed to the abundant surface oxygen species and Pt0 the presence of H2O, which promoted the catalytic reaction of CO, and Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that this was mainly attributed to the catalytic activity of the hydroxyl (-OH) species on Pt2-Fe(OH) x surface, which could easily oxidize CO to -COOH, which could be further decomposed into CO2 and H atoms. This study provides valuable insights into the design of high-efficiency non-precious metal catalysts for CO catalytic oxidation catalysts with high efficiency.

Effect of vanadium and tungsten loading order on the denitration performance of F-doped V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts.

F-doped V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst has been confirmed to have excellent denitration activity at low temperatures. Since the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst is a structure-sensitive catalyst, the loading order of V2O5 and WO3 may affect its denitration performance. In this paper, a series of F-doped V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts with different V2O5 and WO3 loading orders were synthesized to investigate the effect of denitration performance at low temperatures. It was found that the loading orders led to significant gaps in denitration performance in the range of 120-240 °C. The results indicated loading WO3 first better utilized the oxygen vacancies on the TiF carrier promoting the generation of reduced vanadium species. In addition, loading WO3 first facilitated the dispersion of V2O5 thus enhanced the NH3 adsorption capacity of VWTiF. In situ DRIFT verified the rapid reaction between NO2, nitrate, and nitrite species and adsorbed NH3 over the VWTiF, confirming that the NH3 selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) reaction over VWTiF at 240 °C proceeded by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism. This research established the constitutive relationship between the loading order of V2O5 and WO3 and the denitration performance of the F-doped VWTi catalyst providing insights into the catalyst design process.

Effect of chromium oxide as active site over TiO2-PILC for selective catalytic oxidation of NO.

This study introduced TiO2-pillared clays (TiO2-PILC) as a support for the catalytic oxidation of NO and analyzed the performance of chromium oxides as the active site of the oxidation process. Cr-based catalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method. It was found that the 10 wt.% chromium doping on the support achieved the best catalytic activity. At 350 degrees C, the NO conversion was 61% under conditions of GHSV = 23600 hr(-1). The BET data showed that the support particles had a mesoporous structure. H2-TPR showed that Cr(10)TiP (10 wt.% Cr doping on TiO2-PILC) clearly exhibited a smooth single peak. EPR and XPS were used to elucidate the oxidation process. During the NO + O2 adsorption, the intensity of evolution of superoxide ions (O2(-)) increased. The content of Cr3+ on the surface of the used catalyst was 40.37%, but when the used catalyst continued adsorbing NO, the Cr3+ increased to 50.28%. Additionally, O(alpha)/O(beta) increased markedly through the oxidation process. The NO conversion decreased when SO2 was added into the system, but when the SO2 was removed, the catalytic activity recovered almost up to the initial level. FT-IR spectra did not show a distinct characteristic peak of SO4(2-).

Improved activity and significant SO2 tolerance of Sb-Pd-V oxides on N-doped TiO2 for CB/NOx synergistic degradation.

The synergistic degradation of VOCs and NOx that were emitted from the incineration of municipal and medical wastes by a single catalyst is challenging, due to the poor activity at low temperatures, and the SO2 poisoning on the active sites. Herein, N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) was used as the support for designing a highly efficient and stable catalyst system for CB/NOx synergistic degradation even in the presence of SO2. The prepared SbPdV/N-TiO2 catalyst, which presented excellent activity and tolerance to SO2 in the CBCO + SCR process, was investigated by a series of characterizations (such as XRD, TPD, XPS, H2-TPR and so on) as well as DFT calculations. The electronic structure of the catalyst was effectively modulated after N doping, resulting in effective charge flow between the catalyst surface and gas molecules. More importantly, the adsorption and deposition of sulfur species and reaction transient intermediates on active centers were restrained, while a new N adsorption center for NOx was provided. Abundant adsorption centers and superior redox properties ensured smooth CB/NOx synergistic degradation. The removal of CB mainly follows the L-H mechanism, while NOx elimination follows both E-R and L-H mechanisms. As a result, N doping provides a new approach to develop more advanced anti-SO2 poisoning CB/NOx synergistic catalytic removal systems for extensive applications.