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Pathogenic fungi reside in the intestinal microbiota but rarely cause disease. Little is known about the interactions between fungi and the immune system that promote commensalism. Here we investigate the role of adaptive immunity in promoting mutual interactions between fungi and host. We find that potentially pathogenic Candida species induce and are targeted by intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses. Focused studies on Candida albicans reveal that the pathogenic hyphal morphotype, which is specialized for adhesion and invasion, is preferentially targeted and suppressed by intestinal IgA responses. IgA from mice and humans directly targets hyphal-enriched cell-surface adhesins. Although typically required for pathogenesis, C. albicans hyphae are less fit for gut colonization1,2 and we show that immune selection against hyphae improves the competitive fitness of C. albicans. C. albicans exacerbates intestinal colitis3 and we demonstrate that hyphae and an IgA-targeted adhesin exacerbate intestinal damage. Finally, using a clinically relevant vaccine to induce an adhesin-specific immune response protects mice from C. albicans-associated damage during colitis. Together, our findings show that adaptive immunity suppresses harmful fungal effectors, with benefits to both C. albicans and its host. Thus, IgA uniquely uncouples colonization from pathogenesis in commensal fungi to promote homeostasis.
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Imunidade Adaptativa , Candida albicans/imunologia , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Simbiose/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Antígenos de Fungos/imunologia , Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Colite/imunologia , Colite/microbiologia , Colite/patologia , Feminino , Vacinas Fúngicas/imunologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Humanos , Hifas/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cellular redox homeostasis is essential for maintaining cellular activities, such as DNA synthesis and gene expression. Inspired by this, new therapeutic interventions have been rapidly developed to modulate the intracellular redox state using artificial transmembrane electron transport. However, current approaches that rely on external electric field polarization can disrupt cellular functions, limiting their in vivo application. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel electric-field-free modulation methods. In this work, we for the first time found that graphene could spontaneously insert into living cell membranes and serve as an electron tunnel to regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species and NADH based on the spontaneous bipolar electrochemical reaction mechanism. This work provides a wireless and electric-field-free approach to regulating cellular redox states directly and offers possibilities for biological applications such as cell process intervention and treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Membrana Celular , Grafite , Oxirredução , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Grafite/química , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química , Transporte de Elétrons , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/química , NAD/química , NAD/metabolismo , ElétronsRESUMO
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is an organic compound that is widely used in rubber, textile, electronics, plastics and other industries. It has been found that BDE-209 has a destructive effect on the reproductive system of mammals. However, the effect of BDE-209 exposure on oocyte quality and whether there is a viable salvage strategy have not been reported. Here, we report that murine oocytes exposed to BDE-209 produce a series of meiostic defects, including increased fragmentation rates and decreased PBE. Furthermore, exposure of oocytes to BDE-209 hinders mitochondrial function and disrupts mitochondrial integrity. Our observations show that supplementation with NMN successfully alleviated the meiosis impairment caused by BDE-209 and averted oocyte apoptosis by suppressing ROS generation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NMN supplementation may be able to alleviate the oocyte quality impairment induced by BDE-209 exposure, providing a potential strategy for protecting oocytes from environmental pollutant exposure.
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Éteres Difenil Halogenados , Oócitos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Animais , Éteres Difenil Halogenados/toxicidade , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Meiose/efeitos dos fármacos , Retardadores de Chama/toxicidadeRESUMO
Endothelial cell (EC) aging plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). MicroRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of target gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation and/or promoting mRNA degradation. We identify an aging-related and oxidative stress-responsive microRNA, miR-181b, that inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis and senescence. In gain- or loss-of-function studies, miR-181b regulated the expression of key apoptosis markers (Bcl2, Bax, cleaved-Caspase3) and senescence markers (p16, p21, γH2AX) and the ratio of apoptotic cells (TUNEL-positive) and senescent cells (SA-ßgal-positive) in H2 O2 -induced ECs. Mechanistically, miR-181b targets MAP3K3 and modulates a MAP3K3/MKK/MAPK signaling pathway. MAP3K3 knockdown recapitulated the phenotype of miR-181b overexpression and miR-181b was dependent on MAP3K3 for regulating EC apoptosis and senescence. In vivo, miR-181b expression showed a negative correlation with increasing age in the mouse aorta. Endothelial-specific deficiency of miR-181a2b2 increased the target MAP3K3, markers of vascular senescence (p16, p21), and DNA double-strand breaks (γH2AX) in the aorta of aged mice. Collectively, this study unveils an important role of miR-181b in regulating vascular endothelial aging via an MAP3K3-MAPK signaling pathway, providing new potential therapeutic targets for antiaging therapy in CVD.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , MicroRNAs , Animais , Senescência Celular/genética , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Deep learning (DL) has been used on medical images to grade, differentiate, and predict prognosis in many tumors. PURPOSE: To explore the effect of computed tomography (CT)-based deep learning nomogram (DLN) for predicting cervical cancer lymph node metastasis (LNM) before surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total, 418 patients with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer were retrospectively enrolled for model exploration (n = 296) and internal validation (n = 122); 62 patients from another independent institution were enrolled for external validation. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used for DL features extracting from all lesions. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) logistic regression was used to develop a deep learning signature (DLS). A DLN incorporating the DLS and clinical risk factors was proposed to predict LNM individually. The performance of the DLN was evaluated on internal and external validation cohorts. RESULTS: Stage, CT-reported pelvic lymph node status, and DLS were found to be independent predictors and could be used to construct the DLN. The combination showed a better performance than the clinical model and DLS. The proposed DLN had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.925 in the training cohort, 0.771 in the internal validation cohort, and 0.790 in the external validation cohort. Decision curve analysis and stratification analysis suggested that the DLN has potential ability to generate a personalized probability of LNM in cervical cancer. CONCLUSION: The proposed CT-based DLN could be used as a personalized non-invasive tool for preoperative prediction of LNM in cervical cancer, which could facilitate the choice of clinical treatment methods.
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Aprendizado Profundo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Nomogramas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/patologiaRESUMO
Chronic vascular inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential inflammation regulators. We identify a novel lncRNA termed lncRNA-MAP3K4 that is enriched in the vessel wall and regulates vascular inflammation. In the aortic intima, lncRNA-MAP3K4 expression was reduced by 50% during the progression of atherosclerosis (chronic inflammation) and 70% during endotoxemia (acute inflammation). lncRNA-MAP3K4 knockdown reduced the expression of key inflammatory factors (eg, ICAM-1, E-selectin, MCP-1) in endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells and decreased monocytes adhesion to endothelium, as well as reducing TNF-α, IL-1ß, COX2 expression in macrophages. Mechanistically, lncRNA-MAP3K4 regulates inflammation through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. lncRNA-MAP3K4 shares a bidirectional promoter with MAP3K4, an upstream regulator of the MAPK signaling pathway, and regulates its transcription in cis. lncRNA-MAP3K4 and MAP3K4 show coordinated expression in response to inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Similar to lncRNA-MAP3K4, MAP3K4 knockdown reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in several different vascular cells. Furthermore, lncRNA-MAP3K4 and MAP3K4 knockdown showed cooperativity in reducing inflammation in endothelial cells. Collectively, these findings unveil the role of a novel lncRNA in vascular inflammation by cis-regulating MAP3K4 via a p38 MAPK pathway.
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Regulação da Expressão Gênica , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinase 4/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Vasculite/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinase 4/genética , Camundongos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Vasculite/genética , Vasculite/patologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/genéticaRESUMO
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of cellular functions including maintenance of cellular homeostasis as well as the onset and progression of disease. LncRNAs often exhibit cell-, tissue-, and disease-specific expression patterns, making them desirable therapeutic targets. LncRNAs are commonly targeted using oligonucleotide therapeutics, and advances in oligonucleotide chemistry including C2 ribose sugar modifications such as 2'-fluoro, 2'-O-methyl, and 2-O-methoxyethyl modifications; 2'4'-constrained nucleotides such as locked nucleic acids and constrained 2'-O-ethyl (cEt) nucleotides; and phosphorothioate bonds have dramatically improved efficacy of oligonucleotide therapies. Novel delivery platforms such as viral vectors and nanoparticles have also improved pharmacokinetic properties of oligonucleotides targeting lncRNAs. Accumulating pre-clinical studies have utilized these strategies to therapeutically target lncRNAs and alter progression of many different disease states including Snhg12 and Chast in cardiovascular disease, Mirt2 and HOTTIP in sepsis and autoimmune disease, and Malat1 and HOXB-AS3 in cancer. Emerging oligonucleotide conjugation methods including the use of peptide nucleic acids hold promise to facilitate targeting to specific tissue types. Here, we review recent advances in lncRNA therapeutics and provide examples of how lncRNAs have been successfully targeted in pre-clinical models of disease. Finally, we detail remaining challenges facing the lncRNA field and how advances in delivery platforms and oligonucleotide chemistry might help overcome these barriers to catalyze the translation of pre-clinical studies to successful pharmaceutical development.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Neoplasias , RNA Longo não Codificante , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
With the deepening of China's medical reform, the scale of hospital equipment assets at all levels is also expanding. In the face of large-scale and various equipment assets, the traditional single machine statistical management method not only has a single interface, poor data accuracy and is not compatible with other systems, but also is difficult to achieve "full life cycle" management. In order to solve above problems, the Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine aims to use the Internet of Things to build a medical equipment management information platform, realize the whole hospital area, whole subject and whole process management of medical materials, and achieve the objectives of business linkage, information connectivity and data sharing between management departments and clinical departments.
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Equipamentos e Provisões Hospitalares , Gestão da Informação , China , Hospitais , Humanos , Disseminação de InformaçãoRESUMO
Inflammatory response is essential to host defense and repair, and requires tight regulation as excessive and constant inflammatory response is deleterious. We recently identified that one of the general but key mechanisms for inflammatory gene transcription regulation is controlled by the formation of super enhancers mediated by NF-κB, and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins. Given that microRNA transcription shares a similar mechanism to mRNA, we assume that the inflammatory microRNAs transcription could be NF-κB and BET bromodomain dependent. In the present study, we confirmed that inflammatory stimuli changed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) microRNA profile. Among these microRNAs, miR-146a and miR-155, two well-established inflammatory microRNAs, are both downregulated at transcriptional level by NF-κB and BET bromodomain inhibition. To pursue this mechanism, we analyzed the ChIP-seq data and found that NF-κB, BRD4 and RNA POL II were rapidly distributed at the upstream regions of miR-146a and miR-155, and more importantly mediated the formation of the super enhancers that drive miR-146a and miR-155 transcription. These microRNAs transcription driven by super enhancers in turn downregulate both in vitro and in vivo canonical inflammatory genes expression through targeting inflammatory mediators. This novel finding demonstrated how the host self-regulates inflammatory genes expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level to ensure the appropriate level of the host inflammatory response.
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Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Inflamação/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , RNA Polimerase II/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição/biossínteseRESUMO
The blurriness of boundaries in medical image target regions hinders further improvement in automatic segmentation accuracy and is a challenging problem. To address this issue, we propose a model called long-distance perceptual UNet (LD-UNet), which has a powerful long-|distance perception ability and can effectively perceive the semantic context of an entire image. Specifically, LD-UNet utilizes global and local long-distance induction modules, which endow the model with contextual semantic induction capabilities for long-distance feature dependencies. The modules perform long-distance semantic perception at the high and low stages of LD-UNet, respectively, effectively improving the accuracy of local blurred information assessment. We also propose a top-down deep supervision method to enhance the ability of the model to fit data. Then, extensive experiments on four types of tumor data with blurred boundaries are conducted. The dataset includes nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. The dice similarity coefficient scores obtained by LD-UNet on the four datasets are 73.35%, 85.93%, 70.04%, and 82.71%. Experimental results demonstrate that LD-UNet is more effective in improving the segmentation accuracy of blurred boundary regions than other methods with long-distance perception, such as transformers. Among all models, LD-UNet achieves the best performance. By visualizing the feature dependency field of the models, we further explore the advantages of LD-UNet in segmenting blurred boundaries.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Semântica , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) is crucial for the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but manual counting is laborious. This study aims to explore the feasibility and prognostic value of automatic MLNs segmentation and counting. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 980 newly diagnosed patients in the primary cohort and 224 patients from two external cohorts. We utilized the nnUnet model for automatic MLNs segmentation on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. MLNs counting methods, including manual delineation-assisted counting (MDAC) and fully automatic lymph node counting system (AMLNC), were compared with manual evaluation (Gold standard). RESULTS: In the internal validation group, the MLNs segmentation results showed acceptable agreement with manual delineation, with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.771. The consistency among three counting methods was as follows 0.778 (Gold vs. AMLNC), 0.638 (Gold vs. MDAC), and 0.739 (AMLNC vs. MDAC). MLNs numbers were categorized into three-category variable (1-4, 5-9, > 9) and two-category variable (<4, ≥ 4) based on the gold standard and AMLNC. These categorical variables demonstrated acceptable discriminating abilities for 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free, and distant metastasis-free survival. Compared with base prediction model, the model incorporating two-category AMLNC-counting numbers showed improved C-indexes for 5-year OS prediction (0.658 vs. 0.675, P = 0.045). All results have been successfully validated in the external cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The AMLNC system offers a time- and labor-saving approach for fully automatic MLNs segmentation and counting in NPC. MLNs counting using AMLNC demonstrated non-inferior performance in survival discrimination compared to manual detection.
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Metástase Linfática , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patologia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/mortalidade , Adulto , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Imagem Multimodal/métodosRESUMO
Viral pneumonia is a global health burden with a high mortality rate, especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying diseases. Recent studies have found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are abundant in these patient groups; however, their roles in the progression of viral pneumonia remain unclear. In this study, we observed a substantial increase in MDSCs in a mouse model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in older mice. When intranasal polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) administration was used to mimic viral pneumonia, mice with renal I/R injury exhibited more severe lung inflammation than sham mice challenged with poly(I:C). In addition, MDSC depletion attenuated lung inflammation in mice with I/R injury. Similar results were obtained in older mice compared with those in young mice. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of in vitro-differentiated MDSCs exacerbated poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that the increased proportion of MDSCs in mice with renal I/R injury and in older mice exacerbates poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation. These findings have important implications for the treatment and prevention of severe lung inflammation caused by viral pneumonia.
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Células Supressoras Mieloides , Pneumonia Viral , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Idoso , Poli I-C , Rim , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which accumulate in tumor bearers, are known to suppress anti-tumor immunity and thus promote tumor progression. MDSCs are considered a major cause of resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer. Therefore, MDSCs are potential targets in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we modified an in vitro method of MDSC differentiation. Upon stimulating bone marrow (BM) cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro, we obtained both lymphocyte antigen 6G positive (Ly-6G+) and negative (Ly-6G-) MDSCs (collectively, hereafter referred to as conventional MDSCs), which were non-immunosuppressive and immunosuppressive, respectively. We then found that MDSCs differentiated from Ly-6G- BM (hereafter called 6G- BM-MDSC) suppressed T-cell proliferation more strongly than conventional MDSCs, whereas the cells differentiated from Ly-6G+ BM (hereafter called 6G+ BM-MDSC) were non-immunosuppressive. In line with this, conventional MDSCs or 6G- BM-MDSC, but not 6G+ BM-MDSC, promoted tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, we identified that activated glutathione metabolism was responsible for the enhanced immunosuppressive ability of 6G- BM-MDSC. Finally, we showed that Ly-6G+ cells in 6G- BM-MDSC, which exhibited weak immunosuppression, expressed higher levels of Cybb mRNA, an immunosuppressive gene of MDSCs, than 6G+ BM-MDSC. Together, these data suggest that the depletion of Ly-6G+ cells from the BM cells leads to differentiation of immunosuppressive Ly-6G+ MDSCs. In summary, we propose a better method for MDSC differentiation in vitro. Moreover, our findings contribute to the understanding of MDSC subpopulations and provide a basis for further research on MDSCs.
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Multifunctional terahertz (THz) devices in transmission mode are highly desired in integration-optics applications, but conventional devices are bulky in size and inefficient. While ultra-thin multifunctional THz devices are recently demonstrated based on reflective metasurfaces, their transmissive counterparts suffer from severe limitations in efficiency and functionality. Here, based on high aspect-ratio silicon micropillars exhibiting wide transmission-phase tuning ranges with high transmission-amplitudes, a set of dielectric metasurfaces is designed and fabricated to achieve efficient spin-multiplexed wavefront controls on THz waves. As a benchmark test, the photonic-spin-Hall-effect is experimentally demonstrated with a record high absolute efficiency of 92% using a dielectric metasurface encoded with geometric phases only. Next, spin-multiplexed controls on circularly polarized THz beams (e.g., anomalous refraction and focusing) are experimentally demonstrated with experimental efficiency reaching 88%, based on a dielectric meta-device encoded with both spin-independent resonant phases and spin-dependent geometric phases. Finally, high-efficiency spin-multiplexed dual holographic images are experimentally realized with the third meta-device encoded with both resonant and geometric phases. Both near-field and far-field measurements are performed to characterize these devices, yielding results in agreement with full-wave simulations. The study paves the way to realize multifunctional, high-performance, and ultra-compact THz devices for applications in biology sensing, communications, and so on.
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With the rapid development of nanofluidics, more and more unexpected behaviors and bizarre properties have been discovered, which brings more possibility to solve the water and energy problem. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nanoscale diameter and ultrasmooth hydrophobic surface provide strong confinement and unusual water-carbon couple which lead to many exotic properties, such as flow enhancement, strong ion exclusion, ultrafast proton transport and phase transition. This article reviews the recent progresses of CNT-based nanofluidic devices in fabrication, property, and applications. Moreover, challenges and opportunities of the CNT-based nanofluidic devices are discussed.
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Nanotubos de Carbono , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Água/química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e HidrofílicasRESUMO
Introduction: Automatically and accurately delineating the primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumors in head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is crucial for patient staging and radiotherapy. Inspired by the bilateral symmetry of head and complementary information of different modalities, a multi-modal neural network named BSMM-Net is proposed for NPC segmentation. Methods: First, a bilaterally symmetrical patch block (BSP) is used to crop the image and the bilaterally flipped image into patches. BSP can improve the precision of locating NPC lesions and is a simulation of radiologist locating the tumors with the bilateral difference of head in clinical practice. Second, modality-specific and multi-modal fusion features (MSMFFs) are extracted by the proposed MSMFF encoder to fully utilize the complementary information of T1- and T2-weighted MRI. The MSMFFs are then fed into the base decoder to aggregate representative features and precisely delineate the NPC. MSMFF is the output of MSMFF encoder blocks, which consist of six modality-specific networks and one multi-modal fusion network. Except T1 and T2, the other four modalities are generated from T1 and T2 by the BSP and DT modal generate block. Third, the MSMFF decoder with similar structure to the MSMFF encoder is deployed to supervise the encoder during training and assure the validity of the MSMFF from the encoder. Finally, experiments are conducted on the dataset of 7633 samples collected from 745 patients. Results and discussion: The global DICE, precision, recall and IoU of the testing set are 0.82, 0.82, 0.86, and 0.72, respectively. The results show that the proposed model is better than the other state-of-the-art methods for NPC segmentation. In clinical diagnosis, the BSMM-Net can give precise delineation of NPC, which can be used to schedule the radiotherapy.
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major immunosuppressive cells that accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts. Since MDSCs suppress anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression, they are promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an agent used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with cancer. However, several reports have revealed that G-CSF plays crucial immune-related adverse roles in tumor progression through MDSCs. In this study, we showed that MDSCs differentiated in the presence of G-CSF in vitro exhibited enhanced proliferation and immunosuppressive activity compared to those differentiated without G-CSF. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that G-CSF enhanced the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs by upregulating gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 1. Moreover, in the EL4 lymphoma-bearing neutropenic mouse model, administration of recombinant G-CSF increased the number of MDSCs and attenuated the anti-cancer effect of chemotherapy. We showed that the combination of GGsTop, a GGT inhibitor, could prevent G-CSF-induced tumor growth, without affecting the promotion of myelopoiesis by G-CSF. These results suggest that targeting GGT1 can mitigate G-CSF-induced enhanced immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs and can eliminate the tumor-promoting effect of G-CSF. Furthermore, GGsTop could be an attractive combination agent during G-CSF treatment for FN in patients with cancer.
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Objective: To compare the performance of abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging (AB-MRI)-based transfer learning (TL) algorithm and radionics analysis for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) prediction in patients with clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer (IBC). Methods: Between November 2017 and October 2020, 233 clinically node-negative IBCs detected by AB-MRI were retrospectively enrolled. One hundred thirty IBCs from center 1 (37 LVI-positive and 93 LVI-negative) were assigned as the training cohort and 103 from center 2 (25 LVI-positive and 78 LVI-negative) as the validation cohort. Based on AB-MRI, a TL signature (TLS) and a radiomics signature (RS) were built with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. Their diagnostic performances were validated and compared using areas under the receiver operating curve (AUCs), net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), decision curve analysis (DCA), and stratification analysis. A convolutional filter visualization technique was used to map the response areas of LVI on the AB-MRI. Results: In the validation cohort, compared with RS, the TLS showed better capability in discriminating LVI-positive from LVI-negative lesions (AUC: 0.852 vs. 0.726, p < 0.001; IDI = 0.092, p < 0.001; NRI = 0.554, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of TLS was not affected by the menstrual state, molecular subtype, or contrast agent type (all p > 0.05). Moreover, DCA showed that the TLS added more net benefit than RS for clinical utility. Conclusions: An AB-MRI-based TLS was superior to RS for preoperative LVI prediction in patients with clinically node-negative IBC.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic vascular endothelial inflammation predisposes to atherosclerosis; however, the cell-autonomous roles for endothelial-expressing microRNAs (miRNAs) are poorly understood in this process. MiR-181b is expressed in several cellular constituents relevant to lesion formation. The aim of this study is to examine the role of genetic deficiency of the miR-181b locus in endothelial cells during atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-induced atherosclerosis mouse model, we demonstrated that endothelial cell (EC)-specific deletion of miR-181a2b2 significantly promoted atherosclerotic lesion formation, cell adhesion molecule expression, and the influx of lesional macrophages in the vessel wall. Yet, endothelium deletion of miR-181a2b2 did not affect body weight, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow or the pro-inflammatory Ly6Cinterm and Ly6Chigh fractions in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators in both bone marrow (BM) and PBMCs. Mechanistically, bulk RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis of ECs enriched from the aortic arch intima, as well as single cell RNA-seq from atherosclerotic lesions, revealed that endothelial miR-181a2b2 serves as a critical regulatory hub in controlling endothelial inflammation, cell adhesion, cell cycle, and immune response during atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study establishes that deficiency of a miRNA specifically in the vascular endothelium is sufficient to profoundly impact atherogenesis. Endothelial miR-181a2b2 deficiency regulates multiple key pathways related to endothelial inflammation, cell adhesion, cell cycle, and immune response involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Aterosclerose , MicroRNAs , Animais , Aterosclerose/patologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9/metabolismoRESUMO
Once the adsorbent is selected, almost introducing larger specific surface area and more surface functional groups becomes the only way to improve its adsorption performance. However, this approach is generally limited in practical application for intricate and costly engineering steps. Herein, we provided a novel avenue for boosting adsorption activities towards specific metal ions in wastewater. Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation produces the localized temperature field and concentration gradient of metal ions inside small pores, endowing with a new sorption mechanism. By using chemically-treated carbonized wood as all-in-one solar absorption and metal ion adsorption system, we achieved higher water evaporation rate and heavy metal ion removal efficiency than carbonization-only wood reported previously. In particular, this system exhibited a strong dependence of specific metal ion adsorption capacity on solar intensity. Pb2+ adsorption capacity was enhanced by over 225% with the solar intensity increased to 3.0 kW·m-2. This could originate from the formed temperature field localized specially on the surface of adsorbents that not only induces Pb2+ concentration gradient near to solid-liquid interface but also activate inactive adsorption sites. Besides, the chemical-treated & carbonized wood showed excellent cyclic stability and can be directly utilized for wastewater treatment, recovery and reuse.