An ultraluminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30.

So far, roughly 40 quasars with redshifts greater than z = 6 have been discovered. Each quasar contains a black hole with a mass of about one billion solar masses (10(9) M Sun symbol). The existence of such black holes when the Universe was less than one billion years old presents substantial challenges to theories of the formation and growth of black holes and the coevolution of black holes and galaxies. Here we report the discovery of an ultraluminous quasar, SDSS J010013.02+280225.8, at redshift z = 6.30. It has an optical and near-infrared luminosity a few times greater than those of previously known z > 6 quasars. On the basis of the deep absorption trough on the blue side of the Lyman-α emission line in the spectrum, we estimate the proper size of the ionized proximity zone associated with the quasar to be about 26 million light years, larger than found with other z > 6.1 quasars with lower luminosities. We estimate (on the basis of a near-infrared spectrum) that the black hole has a mass of ∼1.2 × 10(10) M Sun symbol, which is consistent with the 1.3 × 10(10) M Sun symbol derived by assuming an Eddington-limited accretion rate.

[Determination of each single component vegetable oil in blend oil by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: A method of headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established for the determination of the content of each single component vegetable oil in blend oil based on soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil. METHODS: The data of volatile components of each single component vegetable oil was collected effectively by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data was compared, filtered step by step and evaluated by method ology using chemometrics method and group analysis software. RESULTS: Finally, 2, 4-heptanedialdehyde, 2-decendialdehyde and 5-methyl-2-furfural were identified as the quantitative detection marker compounds of soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil, respectively. Dihydro-3-methylene-5-methyl-2-furanone and trans-2-nonenoldehyde, 4-ethyl-5-methyl-nonane and trans-2-dodecenol, 2-(1-pentenyl)-furan and 2-methylpyrazine were the qualitative compounds of soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil, respectively. The regression equations and linear correlation coefficient(r~2) of soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil were obtained by testing nine level simulated blend oil. The linear range were 0.57%-100%, 0.98%-100%, 0.34%-100%. The precision range were 1.4%-3.8%, 9.0%-16.0%, 5.0%-10.4%(n=6). The recovery range were 100.1%-100.5%, 75.0%-115.3%, 87.0%-100.6%. These data met the requirements of method ology. CONCLUSION: The method is applicable to testing research of the content of each single component vegetable oil in blend oil based on soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil.

[Enhanced separation behavior of ephedrine in organic solution by nanofiltration mass transfer model].

Based on the nanofiltration mass transfer model, the enhanced separation behavior of ephedrine in organic solution was studied. In the experiment, the sensitive region of ethanol concentration and pH on the rejection of ephedrine was screened out by Box-Behnken central composite experiment design. Furthermore, to analyze the separation regularity of ephedrine and organic solution, the correlation between mass transfer coefficient and concentration of organic solvent was fitted with the changed organic solution by nanofiltration mass transfer mathematical model. Experiments showed the enhanced separation behavior, the decrease in the mass transfer coefficient while the increase in ethanol concentration from 20% to 40%, MWCO at 450 and pH 6.0. Under the same conditions, the enhanced separation behavior was appeared as the solvent changed into methanol and acetonitrile, the enhanced effect was positively correlated with the concentration of the three common organic solvents, and the effect order was acetonitrile>ethanol>methanol. This study took ephedrine as an example, and explored the mechanism of nanofiltration separation in the environment of organic solution, so as to provide references for nanofiltration separation for heat-sensitive traditional Chinese medicine of alkaloid.

[HPLC characteristic fingerprints of Xinshenghua Keli].

Xinshenghua Keli is known as the "preferred prescription of postpartum", with large demand in the field of gynecologic medicine. However, the quality of the preparation is uneven in the market, so its clinical efficacy cannot be guaranteed. In order to improve and establish its quality control standard, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish the fingerprint of Xinshenghua Keli. The detection was performed on Agilent 5 HC-C18 (2) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 microns) with methanol-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution, at a flow rate of 1 mL·min⁻¹ with column temperature of 25 °C. The injection volume was 10 µL and detection wavelength was set at the maximum value between 210.0 nm and 400.0 nm by Photo-Diode Array (PDA) detector. The fingerprint of 12 batches of high-quality Xinshenghua Keli was established and 43 common peaks were identified. The similarities of crowned products, 10 batches of ordinary ones made by Jiangsu Rongyu Pharmaceutical and 10 batches produced by different manufacturers were evaluated. The composition identification and source analysis for the common peaks were performed by comparing the retention time of herbal medicines and ultraviolet absorption spectrum, along with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) technology. The established fingerprint of Xinshenghua Keli, has proven to have good precision, stability and repeatability through the methodology validation, so it can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Xinshenghua Keli.

Neuroprotective effect of 1-Deoxynojirimycin on cognitive impairment, ß-amyloid deposition, and neuroinflammation in the SAMP8 mice.

ß-amyloid deposition and neuroinflammation play a crucial part in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this study was designed to find the effects of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) purified from mulberry leaves on pathological deposition of Aß peptides and neuroinflammation in senescence-accelerated-prone mouse 8 (SAMP8) mice. Compared to senescence-accelerated-resistant mouse 1 (SAMR1) mice, SAMP8 mice exhibited conspicuous declines in spatial memory abilities and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase receptors (TrkB) level in hippocampus; increased Aß deposition, ß-secretase (BACE1) level, microglia activation and inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the brain. The SAMP8 mice were treated with DNJ (40 or 160 mg/kg/day) by oral administration for two months. Our results indicated that DNJ treatment improved these changes, and the 160-mg/kg/day DNJ group revealed more significant alleviation. Therefore, DNJ potentially has the neuroprotective effect by inhibiting BACE1 expression, attenuating Aß deposition, remitting neuroinflammation, and up-regulating the BDNF/TrkB signal pathway in the brain.