Skin Exposures, Hand Eczema and Facial Skin Disease in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to enhanced hygiene procedures and use of personal protective equipment, but also to increased attention to occupational skin disease in healthcare workers. The occurrence of hand and facial skin disease in > 5,000 Swedish healthcare workers was investigated in a questionnaire survey. Levels of skin exposure related to hygiene procedures and personal protective equipment were recorded. Caring for patients with COVID-19 entailed higher levels of wet work and face mask exposures, and was associated with higher 1-year prevalence of both hand eczema (36%) and facial skin disease (32%) compared with not being directly engaged in COVID-19 care (28% and 22%, respectively). Acne and eczema were the most common facial skin diseases; for both, a dose-dependent association with face mask use was found. Dose-dependent associations could be shown between hand eczema and exposure to soap and gloves, but not to alcohol-based hand disinfectants.

Acral lentiginous melanoma-Population, treatment, and survival using the NCDB from 2004 to 2015.

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare histological subtype of cutaneous malignant melanoma that typically presents on the palms and soles. To characterize the demographic and treatment characteristics of ALM, we used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to describe a large multi-institutional cohort of ALM patients, consisting of 4,796 ALM patients from 2004 to 2015. ALM was more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage overall compared with non-ALM cutaneous melanomas, and more likely to be thicker, ulcerated, lymph node positive, and have lymphovascular invasion and positive margins. When stratified by stage, ALM had worse survival compared with non-ALM patients, most notably in stage III patients with 5-year survival of 47.5% versus 56.7%, respectively (p < .001). In ALM patients, older age, male sex, higher comorbidity burden, increased tumor thickness and ulceration, positive lymph nodes, and positive metastasis were independently associated with lower 5-year survival. Multimodality therapy, defined as surgery in addition to systemic therapy and/or radiation therapy, was associated with higher survival in stage III patients but not in other stages. These results call for further investigation into possible treatment intensification in the ALM population in the future.

Corrigendum: Yellow and black-stained fingers in a patient with headache.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.318.14333.].

Corpos riziformes em localização inusitada / Unexpected riziform bodies

Corpos riziformes são estruturas que podem ser encontradas no líquido sinovial ou aderidas à sinóvia, que se assemelham macroscopicamente a grãos de arroz. São frequentes em pacientes com artrite reumatoide e decorrem de resposta inflamatória crônica. São encontrados em 25% dos procedimentos de aspiração ou cirurgias das articulações. Porém, ainda não existem publicações relatando sua presença no subcutâneo. Relatamos, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de corpos riziformes no subcutâneo da região palmar em paciente com artrite reumatoide, confirmados por exames ultrassonográfico e anatomopatológico, tratados com sucesso com drenagem cirúrgica, sem recidivas após dois anos de seguimento

Riziform bodies are structures in the synovial fluid or attached to the synovium, which macroscopically resemble rice grains. They are common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and result from a chronic inflammation. They are found in 25% of aspiration procedures or joint surgery. However, there are still no publications reporting its presence in the subcutaneous tissue. We report for the first time the occurrence of riziform bodies in the subcutaneous plane of the palmar region in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, confirmed by sonographic and anatomopathological examination, successfully treated with surgical drainage, without recurrences after two years of follow-up.

Dermatosis purpúrica pigmentada. A propósito de un caso con localización atípica / Pigmented purpuric dermatosis. About a case with atypical location

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 29 años de edad, con antecedentes de salud referida que acude a consulta por la presencia de máculas hiperpigmentadas asintomáticas de 21 días de evolución, distribuidas de forma lineal en el miembro superior derecho. Los resultados de laboratorio fueron normales y la histopatología confirmó el diagnóstico de sospecha: dermatosis purpúrica pigmentada (variedad lineal unilateral). Hubo una disminución satisfactoria del número de lesiones durante los dos primeros meses de evolución. La púrpura pigmentada unilateral se presenta con mayor frecuencia en varones adolescentes o pacientes adultos jóvenes, y afecta por lo general las extremidades inferiores y tiene una resolución espontánea.

ABSTRACT The case of a 29 year-old female patient is presented, with a referred health history who came to the consultation due to the presence of asymptomatic hyper-pigmented macules of 21 days of progress, distributed linearly in the right upper limb. Laboratory exams were normal and it was histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of suspicion: pigmented purpuric dermatosis (unilateral linear variety). There was a satisfactory decrease in the number of lesions during the first two months. Unilateral pigmented purpura occurs most frequently in adolescent males or young adult patients, and usually affects the lower extremities and has a spontaneous resolution.

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands: response to dapsone monotherapy

Abstract: Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands is considered a rare and localized variant of Sweet's syndrome. Although the etiology is unknown, there are reports of association with infections, neoplasias, autoimmune diseases and medications. Histopathology shows a dense neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. Treatment is based on the administration of systemic corticosteroids; however, a combination of medications is useful, given the frequency of relapses. The authors report a classic and clinically exuberant case of neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands, with excellent response to oral dapsone treatment, and offer a brief literature review.

Correção do envelhecimento volumétrico de mãos: estudo comparativo entre preenchimento com hidroxiapatita de cálcio e ácido hialurônico / Correction of volumetric aging of hands: comparative study between calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid

Introdução: Os sinais da idade costumam se evidenciar mais intensamente na face, no pescoço e nas mãos revelando perda considerável de volume, um indicador comum de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Comparar o tempo de duração e os efeitos adversos de dois tipos de preenchedores subcutâneos para o tratamento do envelhecimento volumétrico de mão. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e comparativo, onde os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos: Grupo A, composto por 4 pacientes que utilizaram o mesmo volume de hidroxiapatita de cálcio e ácido hialurônico em ambas as mãos; Grupo B, composto por 4 pacientes que utilizaram maior volume de hidroxiapatita de cálcio tambem em uma das maõs e Grupo C, composto por 4 pacientes que utilizaram maior volume de ácido hialurônico. Os pacientes foram avaliados através de mudanças em escala validada para envelhecimento de mãos, registradas por fotografias digitais antes e 1,3,6,9,12,15 e 18 meses após o procedimento. Resultados: No Grupo A os pacientes apresentaram o mesmo tempo de duração de ambos os preenchedores; no Grupo B os pacientes tratados com hidroxiapatita de cálcio apresentaram maior tempo de duração; no Grupo C os pacientes tratados com ácido hialurônico apresentaram maior tempo de duração. Os efeitos adversos foram mais frequentes com o uso de hidroxiapatita de cálcio. Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que o tempo de duração é proporcional ao volume injetado para ambos os preenchedores, e que o ácido hialurônico é mais seguro para o tratamento dessa irregularidade cosmética.

Introduction: Signs of aging usually arise more intensely on the face, neck, and hands, in the form of considerable loss of volume, which is a common indicator of aging. Objective: To compare the duration, and adverse effects of two types of subcutaneous fillers in the treatment of the volumetric aging of hands. Methods: Group A: four patients who used the same amount of the products in both hands; Group B: four patients who used greater amounts of calcium hydroxyapatite in one of the hands and Group C: four patients who used greater amounts of hyaluronic acid also in one of the hands. The patients were evaluated through changes in a validated scale for hand aging, recorded by digital photographs before and 1,3,6,9,12,15 and 18 months after the procedure. Results: In Group A the patients had the same duration for both fillers; in Group B patients treated with hydroxyapatite calcium had longer duration; in Group C, the patients treated with hyaluronic acid presented longer duration. Adverse effects were more frequent with the use of calcium hydroxyapatite. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the filler duration is proportional to the volume injected for both fillers, and that hyaluronic acid is safer for the treatment of this cosmetic irregularity.

Complicação pós-tratamento de paquidermodactilia com triancinolona / Triamcinolone post-treatment complication of pachydermodactyly

Paquidermodactilia é forma rara, benigna e adquirida de fibromatose digital caracterizada por espessamento de partes moles nas regiões laterais das articulações interfalangeanas proximais, tipicamente dos II, III e IV dedos de ambas as mãos. É associada, em grande parte dos casos, a microtraumas digitais repetidos. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 22 anos de idade, com apresentação clínica típica da doença. O tratamento com infiltrações de triancinolona levou a redução parcial do espessamento, além de hipopigmentação e hiperemia, não tendo sido uma boa opção. Apesar de rara e benigna, essa condição clínica típica deve ser considerada, evitando-se investigações desnecessárias e onerosas, assim como tratamentos inapropriados.

Pachydermodactyly is a rare, benign and acquired form of digital fibromatosis characterized by the thickening of soft tissues in the lateral regions of the proximal interphalangeal joints, typically of the digiti II, III and IV of both hands. In most cases it is associated with repeated digital microtraumas. The authors of the present article report the case of a 22-year-old patient with a typical clinical presentation of the condition. The treatment with triamcinolone injections led to a partial reduction of the thickening, in addition to hypopigmentation and hyperemia, meaning it was an unfavorable option. Although rare and benign, this typical clinical condition deserves attention, and unnecessary and costly investigations, as well as inappropriate treatments should be avoided.

Distrofias ungueais no ambiente de trabalho: uma breve abordagem / Nail dystrophy in the workplace: a brief approach

Contexo: O trabalhador em sua atividade laboral está em contato frequente com diversos agentes que em determinadas situações podem comprometer as unhas, a eficiência e produtividade do trabalho exercido. Objetivos: Este estudo constitui-se de uma revisão da literatura com uma breve discussão acerca da distrofia ungueal ocupacional, abordando etiologias, tratamento e prevenção. Métodos: Foi realizada uma consulta por normas e artigos científicos selecionados através de busca no banco de dados do SciELO e da Bireme, a partir das fontes Medline e Lilacs, entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Resultados: Distrofias são alterações ungueais e em seus anexos, causadas ou agravadas por agentes biológicos, químicos e/ou físicos presentes no ambiente de trabalho. O diagnóstico se baseia em uma anamnese minuciosa, a qual é passível de elucidar a etiologia da doença, e a terapêutica da mesma pode exigir o afastamento do trabalho. A retirada do agente causal e o uso correto dos equipamentos de proteção individual são as melhores formas de prevenção de tal doença ocupacional. Conclusões: O médico do trabalho, detendo condições de observação e avaliação do ambiente de trabalho, deve reconhecer riscos potenciais e reais para o empregado e propor medidas que neutralizem esses riscos.

Context: Worker in their labor activity is in frequent contact with many agents in certain situations that may affect the nails and the efficiency and productivity of their occupation. Objectives: This study consisted of a literature review with a brief discussion of occupational nail dystrophy, addressing causes, treatment and prevention. Methods: A query for standards and selected by searching the database SciELO/Bireme and scientific articles from Medline and Lilacs sources between December 2013 and January 2014. Results: Dystrophies are nail changes and its annexes, caused or aggravated by biological, chemical and/or physical agents in the workplace. The diagnosis is based on a thorough medical history, which is likely to elucidate the etiology of the disease, and its therapy may require absence from work. The withdrawal of the causative agent and the correct use of personal protective equipment are the best ways to care involvement. Conclusions: The occupational physician, in conditions of observation and evaluation of the work environment should know actual and potential risks to the employee and propose measures to neutralize these risks.

Case for diagnosis

Focal acral hyperkeratosis is a rare genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is characterized by usually asymptomatic keratotic papules along the borders of the hands and/or feet. The main differential diagnosis is acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa, which differs from the former only by not presenting elastorrhexis in histopathological examination, thus requiring this exam for a correct diagnosis.

Palmoplantar lichen planus: A rare presentation of a common disease.

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease commonly seen by dermatologists. MAIN OBSERVATION: The current case describes palmoplantar lichen planus, a rare variant of this disease that can easily be misdiagnosed. This case describes a patient that presented with multiple papules on his hands and plantar feet that had previously been diagnosed as tinea manum and psoriasis. A biopsy from the patient, however, was diagnostic of lichen planus. The patient was subsequently treated successfully with topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment applied twice daily. CONCLUSIONS: Palmoplantar lichen planus is a rare disease that can be easily misdiagnosed. This case report emphasizes the role of the biopsy when presented with such patients.

Vohwinkel syndrome, ichthyosiform variant - by Camisa - Case report / Sindrome de Vohwinkel, variante ictiosiforme - de Camisa - Relato de caso

Vohwinkel syndrome or keratoderma hereditaria mutilans is a rare autosomal dominant palmoplantar keratosis, which manifests in infants and becomes more evident in adulthood. Its mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant with mutation in loricrin and Connexin 26 genes. Patients with this mutation present hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, constricting bands of the digits, usually on the fifth, and starfish-shaped hyperkeratosis on the dorsal aspects of the hands and feet. The disease mostly occurs in white women, where constricting fibrous bands appear on the digits and can lead to progressive strangulation and auto-amputation (pseudo-ain-hum).The authors report a rare case of a patient with a clinical ichthyosiform variant of Vohwinkel syndrome.

A síndrome de Vohwinkel ou queratodermia hereditária mutilante é uma queratose palmo-plantar rara, autossômica dominante, que se manifesta em crianças e se torna mais evidente na vida adulta. Seu modo de herança é autossômica dominante com mutação na loricrina e no gen da Conexina 26. Os pacientes com esta mutação apresentam hiperqueratose das palmas das mãos e plantas dos pés, com bandas constritivas dos dígitos, normalmente no quinto dedo e hiperqueratose em forma de estrela do mar nas regiões dorsais das mãos e dos pés. A doença ocorre principalmente em mulheres brancas, onde as bandas constritivas fibrosas aparecerem nos dígitos e podem levar ao estrangulamento progressivo e auto-amputação (pseudo-ainhum).Os autores relatam o caso de uma variante ictiosiforme da síndrome de Vohwinkel.

Fingertip and nasal tip thermal burn in crack cocaine user / Queimadura da polpa digital e da ponta nasal em usuario de crack

Crack cocaine addiction is a public health problem in Brazil. It is an endemic disease that affects rural and urban areas. The Ministry of Health has launched emergency programs for the treatment of dependents and to combat drug trafficking. Recognition of dermatological signs of this disease is important because through them the diagnosis can be suspected and early treatment of patients with crack cocaine addiction be provided.

A dependência química do crack é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Trata-se de uma endemia que afeta a zona rural e a zona urbana. O Ministério da Saúde lançou programas emergenciais para o tratamento dos dependentes e o combate ao tráfico de drogas. Reconhecer os sinais dermatológicos iniciais desta doença é importante, pois através deles, pode-se suspeitar do diagnóstico e então proporcionar ao paciente o tratamento precoce.

Caso para diagnóstico / Case for diagnosis

A acroceratoelastoidose é um tipo de ceratodermia palmoplantar, originalmente descrita pelo dermatologista mineiro Oswaldo Gonçalves Costa. É uma rara genodermatose autossômica dominante, embora possa ocorrer de forma esporádica. A doença não é congênita, com as primeiras manifestações na infância e adolescência. O quadro clínico é caracterizado por múltiplas pápulas amareladas, por vezes translúcidas e ceratóticas, medindo aproximadamente 2-4 mm de diâmetro, ocasionalmente umbilicadas, localizadas na margem lateral das mãos e pés, simetricamente, o que é sua expressão clínica mais típica. Os achados histopatológicos mais comuns são: hiperceratose, acantose discreta e elastorrexe, que é observada pela coloração com orceína.

Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a type of palmoplantar keratoderma first described by Oswaldo Gonçalves Costa, a Brazilian Dermatologist from the state of Minas Gerais. It is a rare autosomal-dominant genodermatosis; however it may occur sporadically. The disease is not congenital; rather, its onset occurs in childhood or adolescence. Clinically, the condition is characterized by multiple yellowish papules, sometimes glossy and keratotic, measuring approximately 2-4 mm in diameter, sometimes umbilicated, and located symmetrically on the sides of the hands and feet, symmetry being the most typical sign. The most common histopathological findings are hyperkeratosis, mild acanthosis and elastorrhexis, as revealed by orcein staining.