[Adapting and validating a questionnaire to measure the self-care practices in healthy child population residing in Spain]. / Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar las prácticas de autocuidado en población infantil sana residente en España.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Child and Adolescent Self-Care Performance Questionnaire (CASPQ) to the context of healthy children aged 8 to 12years residing in Spain and evaluate their metric properties. DESIGN: Validation study based on Classical Test Theory. LOCATION: Four schools participating in the Salut i Escola programme of a Primary Care Centre of Barcelona (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and ninety-eight elementary school students participated in the study during the first six months of 2016. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Cultural adaptation of the questionnaire was carried out. Response process and factorial structure were evaluated and the relationships of the adapted questionnaire scores with those of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire were analysed. Likewise, internal consistency and reproducibility of the scores were evaluated. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-nine questionnaires were obtained. The confirmatory factor analysis of its theoretical structure showed a sufficient adjustment. A positive association was observed between the questionnaire scores and those of KIDSCREEN-27. The overall internal consistency was satisfactory; nevertheless, that of each factor was marginal or moderate. The reproducibility of the scores was optimal. CONCLUSIONS: The CASPQ adapted to the healthy child population of 8 to 12years old shows appropriate metric properties and similar to those of the original questionnaire. Therefore, it is a useful tool to assess self-care practices and plan interventions aimed at its promotion.

[Standardization of the Test Your Memory and evaluation of their concordance with the outcome of the psychometric examination]. / Normalización del Test Your Memory y evaluación de su concordancia con los resultados del examen psicométrico.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between scores on the Test Your Memory (TYM) battery and findings from a more exhaustive neurocognitive assessment. METHODS: The TYM and fourteen psychometric tests were administered to 84 subjects aged 50 or older who attended an outpatient neurology clinic due to cognitive symptoms. Each patient's cognitive state was determined independently from his/her score on the TYM (CDR 0, n=25; CDR 0.5, n=45; CDR 1, n=14). We analysed concurrent validity of TYM scores and results from the psychometric tests, as well as the degree of concordance between the two types of measurement, by contrasting normalised data from each instrument. RESULTS: Although the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.67 (confidence interval 95%, 0.53-0.77), analysis of the Bland-Altman plot and the curve on the survival-agreement plot (Luiz et al. method) demonstrates that the individual distances between the two methods exhibit excessive dispersion from a clinical viewpoint. TYM-based predictions of the mean z-score on psychometric tests differed substantially from real results in 30% of the subjects. Concordance of 95% can only be achieved by accepting absolute inter-instrument differences of up to 0.87 as identical values. Furthermore, the TYM underestimates cognitive performance for low values and overestimates it for high values. CONCLUSIONS: The TYM is a cognitive screening test which should not be used to predict results on psychometric tests or to detect cognitive changes in clinical trials.

Reliability and validity of a short version of the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device.

The General Functioning 12-item subscale (GF12) of The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) has been validated as a single index measure to assess family functioning. This study reports on the reliability and validity of using only the six positive items from the General Functioning subscale (GF6+). Existing data from two Western Australian studies, the Raine Study (RS) and the Western Australian Child Health Survey (WACHS), was used to analyze the psychometric properties of the GF6+ subscale. The results demonstrated that the GF6+ subscale had virtually equivalent psychometric properties and was able to identify almost all of the same families who had healthy or unhealthy levels of functioning as the full GF12 subscale. In consideration of the constraints faced by large-scale population-based surveys, the findings of this study support the use of a GF6+ subscale from the FAD, as a quick and effective tool to assess the overall functioning of families.

Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 faceted Brief Form in a Brazilian Community Sample.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify the psychometric qualities of the PID-5-FBF in a community sample of Brazilian adults. The internal consistency of the facets and the internal structure of the dimensions were checked. In addition, we verified the correlations between the PID-5-FBF facets and domains with a five-factor model measure. METHODS: The sample of this study consists of the 774 Brazilian adults aged 18 to 73 years (mean 28.9±11.58) who answered the PID-5-FBF and BFI-2S. RESULTS: The alpha values were adequate. The internal structure was similar to the PID-5 original form. All the factors and dimensions of the PID-5-FBF have a negative association with agreeableness, while, on the other hand, all correlations with neuroticism were positive. Neuroticism was the factor with the highest correlation with the PID-5-FBF, and openness was the one with the lowest number of correlations. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to adding evidence of validity to the PID-5-FBF in the Brazilian community sample. Our results are important because it is the first study with the PID-FBF in a Brazilian sample.

[Psychometric properties of performance outcome tools to assess sensitivity in subjects with stroke sequela: A systematic review]. / Propiedades psicométricas de herramientas de resultados de desempeño para evaluar la sensibilidad en sujetos con secuela de accidente cerebrovascular: revisión sistemática.

The objective was to perform a systematic review of those performance outcomes (HRD) tools that assess sensitivity in post-stroke subjects, as well as to know which of all is the most reliable and viable. The design was a systematic review. The following were included: HRD, developed in post-stroke subjects, of any etiology and period of evolution; 18 years of age or older and testing for sensitivity; results on psychometric properties. Excluded: self-reported results, the report of cross-cultural adaptation, designed through computerized means. 19 HRD were acquired. The psychometric properties analyzed were reliability, internal consistency, measurement error, construct validity, content validity, and sensitivity to change, the first being the most studied. Psychometric properties were identified, assessed, compared, and summarized. Of all of them, we recommend the use of the modified Erasmus Nottingham Sensory Assessment, as it presents the best degree of confidence in the evidence.

[Convergent and discriminative validity of the Frail-VIG index with the Pfeiffer test in people cared for in home care]. / Validez convergente y discriminativa del índice Frágil-VIG con el test de Pfeiffer en personas atendidas en atención domiciliaria.

INTRODUCTION: The Frail-VIG index-and the Pfeiffer test are measurements used in Primary Care for assessment frailty and the cognitive impairment screening. The Frail-VIG index is a multidimensional instrument that allows a rapid assessment of the degree of frailty in the context of clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the convergent and discriminative validity of the Frail-VIG index with regard to Pfeiffer test value. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SITE: Two urban Primary Health Care centres of the Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: All people included under a home care programme during the year 2018. No exclusion criteria were applied. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: We used the Frail-VIG index to measure frailty and the Pfeiffer test to cognitive impairment screening. Trained nurses administered both instruments during face-to-face assessments in a participant's home during usual care. The relationships between both instruments were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 412 participants were included. Frail-VIG score and Pfeiffer test value were moderately correlated (r=0.564; P<0.001). Non-frail people had a lower risk of developing cognitive impairment than moderate to severe frail people. The value of the Pfeiffer test increased significantly as the Frail-VIG index score also increased. CONCLUSIONS: Frail-VIG index demonstrated a convergent validity with the Pfeiffer test. Its discriminative validity was optimal, as their scores showed an excellent capacity to differentiate between people with a higher and lower risk of developing cognitive impairment. These findings provide additional pieces of evidence for construct validity of the Frail-VIG index.

GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: Construct validity and reliability.

INTRODUCTION: The detection of anxiety symptoms among health workers who care for patients infected with COVID-19 is a current priority. Fast and valid instruments are required for this population group. The objective is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale in Colombian doctors during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS: E-health study, in which cross-sectional data were collected online (n = 1030) from 610 COVID doctors and 420 non-COVID doctors, during the Colombian lockdown, between 20 April and 10 August 2020. Each subject was contacted, and they confirmed their participation, identity and professional role. RESULTS: A single factor factorial structure was found, made up of the 7 items of the instrument, which managed to explain 70% of the variance. The goodness of fit indices (RMSEA = 0.080; CFI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.053; p < 0.001) showed an "acceptable" unidimensionality and adequate factor loadings in each item of the GAD-7, >0.070. Finally, the internal consistency of the instrument was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.920 (95%IC, 8.80-9.71). CONCLUSIONS: The GAD-7 is an instrument that presents adequate indicators of validity and reliability. It is an excellent tool that is reliable and easy and fast to use for the detection of generalised anxiety symptoms in medical personnel caring (or not) for patients infected with COVID-19.

Analysis of psychometric questionnaires used in patient selection for bariatric surgery.

INTRODUCTION: In severe forms of obesity there is a high prevalence of psychopathological comorbidity. Psychiatric evaluation is an important component of comprehensive obesity care and contributes to optimizing therapeutic results after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of psychometric tests used in the protocol for selecting patients for bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective naturalistic observational study of 100 patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery. Patients who complete the psychometric protocol and the psychiatric interview between January 2019 and June 2021 are included. Two groups are formed: those considered unfit for any psychopathological reason and those considered fit. To evaluate the effectiveness of the tests used, ROC curves will be used. The sensitivity and specificity values of each test used will be obtained. RESULTS: 97 patients included, aged between 20 and 61 years, 64.9% women. 51.5% had a family history and 38.1% a personal history of any psychiatric disorder. Regarding the area under the curve, the scales that presented a value greater than 0.7 were the YFAS total score (0.771), HADS-D (0.757), the Edinburgh Bulimia total score (0.747), the severity score of YFAS (0.722) and Edinburgh Bulimia Severity Score (0.705). The most frequent diagnoses as a cause of exclusion were Food Addiction 8 (20.5%) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 6 (15.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The YFAS, BITE and HADS-A scales were useful to discriminate those patients considered unsuitable for bariatric surgery for any psychopathological cause.

[Frail-VIG index: Convergent and discriminatory validity with respect to Short Physical Performance Battery in general population]. / Índice frágil-VIG: Validez convergente y discriminativa respecto a la Short Physical Performance Battery en población general.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies of frailty in primary health care (PHC) using frailty indexes are scarce. Frail-VIG index assesses the level of frailty through a multidimensional approach. The main objective was to investigate the convergent and discriminative validity of the frail-VIG index with respect to Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in general population ≥ 70 years. POPULATION, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study. We included 416 non-institutionalized patients aged 70 years or over from two lists of general practitioners in a semi-urban healthcare center. Main variables were: frail-VIG index and SPPB. RESULTS: The value of the area under the ROC curve of frail-VIG index respect SPPB < 7 was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.86). Pearson's correlation coefficient was -0.59 (95% CI: -0.524 to -0.649). The mean of frail-VIG index in those classified as not frail by SPPB < 7 was 0.103 (95% CI: 0.094-0.112) and in the frail was 0.242 (95% CI: 0.215-0.269). We obtained significant differences in the mean and distribution of the SPPB according to the frail-VIG index categories. The frailty prevalence according to the frail-VIG index was 29.3% (95% CI: 25.2-33.9), initial 19%, intermediate 7.5% and advanced 2.9%. There were frailty people by frail-VIG index and not by SPPB < 7 the 10.4%; on the contrary the 9.6%, the mean of affected domains of frail-VIG index was 3.9 and 2.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The frail-VIG index presents adequate convergent and discriminative validity with respect to the SPPB that supports the use in PHC. There is a 20% of participants classified as frail in a discordant way, who presents a different profile.

Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders: adaptation to Brazil and test of a bifactor model.

OBJECTIVE: The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders (IIP-PD-47) has a controversial factor structure, as some studies have provided support for 5 correlated factors, and others have suggested the existence of a general second-order dimension. One approach of data modelling that reconciles multidimensionality and the existence of a general factor is the bifactor analysis. We used unrestricted exploratory-confirmatory bifactor modelling to validate the Brazilian version of the IIP-PD-47. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,091 subjects aged 18-64 years who answered the IIP-PD-47 and a collateral measure of pathological traits, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). RESULTS: After testing many candidate models, our data were best represented by a bifactor model with one general factor and five specific uncorrelated factors. Nevertheless, a closer inspection of the discriminant validity of each IIP-PD-47 factor revealed strong support for the general factor and a factor capturing aggressive behaviours, but less support for the additional four specific factors. CONCLUSIONS: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and some recommendations are offered about the need for controlling response styles when assessing PD traits via self-report inventories. Our findings indicate that the Brazilian version of IIP-PD has promising psychometric properties.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale in Fathers.

BACKGROUND: Research gaps exist with regard to paternal attitudes towards breastfeeding and the association between fathers' attitudes and the type of breastfeeding. RESEARCH AIMS: (1): To analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale in fathers, and (2) to examine the association between fathers' attitudes and type of breastfeeding. METHOD: We used a cross-sectional study design to analyze the scale's psychometric properties and performance. RESULTS: A total of 639 fathers participated in the study. The mean age was 35.83 years (SD = 4.65) and 67.3% (n = 430) were married or in a civil partnership. We observed an adequate fit in the confirmatory factor analysis: TLI = 0.96, CFI = 0.97 and RMSEA = 0.05. The overall internal consistency was 0.76. Between 1-6 months, 48% (n = 307) of participants' babies were exclusively breastfed, 35.2% (n = 225) were partially breastfed, and 16.7% (n = 107) were exclusively formula fed. Statistically significant differences were shown in attitudes towards breastfeeding, depending on the type of breastfeeding, between 1 and 6 months (F = 54.67; p < .001). Fathers who reported that their baby had been exclusively breastfed scored higher on attitudes towards breastfeeding. Statistically significant differences were also found between partial breastfeeding and formula feeding. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring paternal attitudes towards breastfeeding.

The 10-item Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ-10): psychometric properties of the Dutch version in two clinical samples.

BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma has been associated with adult mental disorders, physical illness, and early death. The World Health Organization (WHO) supported the development of the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) to explore childhood trauma in adults. We report the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire 10 items version (ACE-IQ-10) in the Netherlands. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analysis was performed in two convenience samples of consecutive patients presenting at an outpatient specialty mental health setting between May 2015 and September 2018: Sample A (N = 298), patients with anxiety and depressive disorders; and sample B (N = 234), patients with Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (SSRD). Criterion validity of the scales of the ACE-IQ-10 was explored by their correlation with the PHQ-9, the GAD-7, and the SF-36. The correlation between reporting sexual abuse on the ACE-IQ-10 and in a face-to-face interview was assessed as well. RESULTS: We found support for a two-factor structure in both samples: one for directly experiencing childhood abuse and another for household dysfunction, but also support for using the total score. The correlation between reporting a sexual trauma in childhood at face-to-face interview and the sexual abuse item of the ACE-IQ-10 was r = .98 (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides evidence on the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Dutch ACE-IQ-10 in two Dutch clinical samples. It shows clear potential of the ACE-IQ-10 for further research and clinical use. Further studies are needed to assess the ACE-IQ-10 in the Dutch general population.

This is the first study reporting the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the short version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ-10).We found support for a two-factor structure: one for directly experiencing childhood abuse and another for household dysfunction, but also support for using the total score. The sexual abuse item of the ACE-IQ-10 correlates highly with face-to-face exploration (r = .98).The ACE-IQ-10 shows clear potential for clinical use, for example as a first screener to support further exploration of adverse childhood experiences.

Toward Developing Clinical cut-off for the Grandiosity Scale of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to establish a clinical cut-off for the Grandiosity dimension, using item-level evaluation procedures. METHODS: Participants were 5,387 adults, including outpatients diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), outpatients diagnosed with other personality disorders, and adults from the community. We administered the self-reported Grandiosity scale from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). The equating procedure was applied to generate theta scores for participants who did not answer all items. RESULTS: The Wright map revealed that outpatients scored high on the latent continuum of the Grandiosity scale. Group comparison showed large effect sizes for the mean difference between patients and non-patients. The ROC curve supports a cut off at a -0.45 score in theta standardisation, which yields a high sensitivity (91%) and moderate specificity (58%). Moreover, the PPP (71%) and NPP (79%) values suggest that the scale is able to identify NPD patients in 71% of cases, and people without NPD in 79% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the IDCP-2 Grandiosity scale is useful as an NPD screening tool. Possible clinical applications for the scale are described and the limitations of the study are discussed.

[Convergent and discriminative validity of the Frail-VIG index with the Braden scale in people cared for in home care]. / Validez convergente y discriminativa del índice Frágil-VIG con la escala de Braden en personas atendidas en atención domiciliaria.

The Frail-VIG index and the Braden scale are validated instruments for assessing frailty and the risk of developing dependency-related skin lesions respectively. The Frail-VIG index is a multidimensional instrument that allows rapid and efficient assessment of the degree of frailty in the context of clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the convergent and discriminative validity of the Frail-VIG index with regard to Braden scale value. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in 2 primary health care centres of the Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona (Spain). Participants in the study were all people included under a home care programme during the year 2018. No exclusion criteria were applied. We used the Frail-VIG index to measure frailty and the Braden scale to measure the risk of developing pressure ulcers. Trained nurses administered both instruments during face-to-face assessments in a participant's home during usual care. The relationships between both instruments were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Four hundred and twelve participants were included. Frail-VIG score and Braden scale value were negatively correlated (r=-0.597; P<.0001). Non-frail people had a lower risk of developing dependency-related skin lesions than moderate to severe frail people. The Braden scale value declined significantly as the Frail-VIG index score increased. CONCLUSIONS: Frail-VIG index demonstrated a convergent validity with the Braden scale. Its discriminative validity was optimal, as their scores showed an excellent capacity to differentiate between people with a higher and lower risk of developing. These findings provide additional pieces of evidence for construct validity of the Frail-VIG index.

Validation of a Spanish version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire-II to assess Mexican patients' physical function with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity, reliability, and performance of the Health Assessment Questionnaire-II (HAQ-II) Spanish version questionnaire to measure physical function. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 496 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), distributed in 2 samples. The construct validity was evaluated employing the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the validity based on the relationship with other variables. Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω) coefficient were used to determine reliability. Item performance was analysed by fitting different models of item response theory (IRT). RESULTS: The one-factor model presented a poor fit in the CFA; an exploratory factor analysis (AFE) was carried out, which suggested a 2-factor structure. The CFA in the second sample confirmed that the second-order model had a good fit to the data. The general factor explained more than 70% of the variance. The reliability indices showed adequate internal consistency (α = .92-.95; ω = .88-.93). Ninety-three percent of the contrasting hypotheses about the relationship of the HAQ-II scores with other variables were confirmed, demonstrating their convergent, divergent, and known group validity. The multidimensional graduated response model was the one that best predicted person's interaction with the items. CONCLUSION: The Spanish version of the HAQ-II presents adequate validity and reliability for measuring Mexican patients' physical function with RA.

Factors affecting sleep quality in Intensive Care Units.

OBJECTIVE: To report sleep quality and identify related factors. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study was made with a convenience sample of 129 patients. The differences between 3 periods were evaluated using the Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation r. Multiple regression analyses were performed to relate independent variables to sleep quality. SETTING: The Department of Intensive Care Medicine of a tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients admitted between February 2016 and December 2017. INTERVENTIONS: Questionnaire administration. VARIABLES: Items of the modified Freedman questionnaire, and demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: External factors interfering with sleep quality were noise and constant light exposure in the 3 periods, with significant differences between these periods in nursing care (P = 0.005) and nursing activities (P = 0.019). The other factors affecting sleep quality and identified by the multivariate regression model were age (P = 0.012), daily alcohol intake (P = 0.023), benzodiazepine use during admission to the ICU (P = 0.01) and comorbidities (P = 0.005). There were significant differences in sleepiness between discharge and the first day (P ≤ 0.029) and between discharge and half stay (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Noise and light were the most annoying factors, but statistical significance was only reached for nursing activities and care. Age, alcohol intake, benzodiazepine use in the ICU and a higher comorbidity index had a negative impact upon sleep. Sleepiness was reduced at the end of stay.

Validation study of the Spanish brief version of TEMPS-A.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying affective temperaments could be useful both for understanding the normal behavioral variations in the general population and to establish if there is a clinical predisposition to certain disorders. Five affective temperaments have been proposed: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious. Original instrument for measuring them (TEMPS-A) is a 110-item scale but many short versions in different languages have been validated. The aim of this study was to obtain a short self-administered Spanish version of TEMPS-A with good psychometric properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 550 students who answered the argentinean version of TEMPS-A was included, after psychometric analysis a comparison between inpatients with major depression and their matched controls by sex and age who answered the brief version was performed to get an external validation. RESULTS: The sample was composed by 298 (54.2%) women. The mean age was 23.3 year (SD=6.2). A forced five factor analysis was performed. The 7 items with the highest factorial load (more than 0.350) for each subscale were included in the brief version. The Cronbach alpha's ranged from 0.690 to .800. The most prevalent temperament was hyperthymic followed by cyclothymic for students sample. Similarities between students and controls sample were observed, but not with patients with major depression. CONCLUSIONS: This brief Spanish version of TEMPS-A (35 items) has good psychometric properties and can be used in general and clinical population.

[Cross-cultural adaptation and Spanish validation of Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire in dermatology (PSQ-18)]. / Validación y adaptación transcultural del cuestionario de satisfacción en Dermatología (PSQ-18).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patient satisfaction has become one of the most important outcome measures of quality of care. This study aimed to present the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of a Spanish version of the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) in a sample of Spanish dermatology patients. METHODS: Cross-cultural linguistic adaptation and translation-backtranslation processes were performed following accepted international guidelines. The psychometric properties, reliability and construct validity were evaluated with Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factorial analysis respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated in a test-retest study, which was conducted on randomly selected participants twice with a 14-21 days interval. RESULTS: 240 participants completed the cross-culturally adapted Spanish questionnaire agreed by the researchers. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.834) and confirmatory factorial analysis showed a good model fitting to the model proposed in the original version of the scale. The intraclass correlation coefficients for all the items on the questionnaire were higher than 0.8. CONCLUSIóN: PSQ-18 proved to be a valid and reliable instrument, with psychometric properties suitable for the assessment of satisfaction among dermatology patients.

Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders: adaptation to Brazil and test of a bifactor model.

OBJECTIVE: The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders (IIP-PD-47) has a controversial factor structure, as some studies have provided support for 5 correlated factors, and others have suggested the existence of a general second-order dimension. One approach of data modelling that reconciles multidimensionality and the existence of a general factor is the bifactor analysis. We used unrestricted exploratory-confirmatory bifactor modelling to validate the Brazilian version of the IIP-PD-47. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,091 subjects aged 18-64 years who answered the IIP-PD-47 and a collateral measure of pathological traits, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). RESULTS: After testing many candidate models, our data were best represented by a bifactor model with one general factor and five specific uncorrelated factors. Nevertheless, a closer inspection of the discriminant validity of each IIP-PD-47 factor revealed strong support for the general factor and a factor capturing aggressive behaviours, but less support for the additional four specific factors. CONCLUSIONS: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and some recommendations are offered about the need for controlling response styles when assessing PD traits via self-report inventories. Our findings indicate that the Brazilian version of IIP-PD has promising psychometric properties.

Toward Developing Clinical cut-off for the Grandiosity Scale of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to establish a clinical cut-off for the Grandiosity dimension, using item-level evaluation procedures. METHODS: Participants were 5,387 adults, including outpatients diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), outpatients diagnosed with other personality disorders, and adults from the community. We administered the self-reported Grandiosity scale from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). The equating procedure was applied to generate theta scores for participants who did not answer all items. RESULTS: The Wright map revealed that outpatients scored high on the latent continuum of the Grandiosity scale. Group comparison showed large effect sizes for the mean difference between patients and non-patients. The ROC curve supports a cut off at a -0.45 score in theta standardisation, which yields a high sensitivity (91%) and moderate specificity (58%). Moreover, the PPP (71%) and NPP (79%) values suggest that the scale is able to identify NPD patients in 71% of cases, and people without NPD in 79% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the IDCP-2 Grandiosity scale is useful as an NPD screening tool. Possible clinical applications for the scale are described and the limitations of the study are discussed.