RESUMO
With the issuance of this final rule, the Drug Enforcement Administration removes the substance naldemedine (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-N-(2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propan-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide) including its salts from the schedules of the Controlled Substances Act. Prior to the effective date of this rule, naldemedine was a schedule II controlled substance because it can be derived from opium alkaloids. This action removes the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to controlled substances, including those specific to schedule II controlled substances, on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, reverse distribute, dispense, conduct research, import, export, or conduct chemical analysis) or propose to handle naldemedine.
Assuntos
Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/legislação & jurisprudência , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/classificação , Receptores Opioides mu/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Opioides mu/classificação , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Constipação Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
With the issuance of this final rule, the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration removes naloxegol ((5[alpha],6[alpha])-17-allyl-6-((20-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxaicos-1-yl)oxy)-4,5-epoxymorphinon-3,14-diol) and its salts from the schedules of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). This scheduling action is pursuant to the CSA which requires that such actions be made on the record after opportunity for a hearing through formal rulemaking. Prior to the effective date of this rule, naloxegol was a schedule II controlled substance because it can be derived from opium alkaloids. This action removes the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to controlled substances, including those specific to schedule II controlled substances, on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, reverse distribute, dispense, conduct research, import, export, or conduct chemical analysis) or propose to handle naloxegol.
Assuntos
Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/legislação & jurisprudência , Morfinanos/classificação , Polietilenoglicóis/classificação , Humanos , Legislação de Medicamentos , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/classificação , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Overdose de Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Naloxona/classificação , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/classificação , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/classificação , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Austrália , Overdose de Drogas/etiologia , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Naloxona/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/uso terapêutico , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Treating an uncooperative, uncontrollable child can be unpleasant for all parties involved. Despite the dentist's best efforts to employ traditional techniques, the behavioral management of challenging pediatric dental patients often requires more than "tell, show, do". Consequently, pre-operative pharmacological intervention may be necessary. Enteral sedation may be the optimal adjunct for the dental treatment of such a challenging patient population. However it must be utilized with caution and is not an appropriate treatment modality for all. This paper will present various considerations for the safe, appropriate and effective use of enteral sedation in contemporary pediatric dentistry. With the strong demand for this service, properly trained practitioners can broaden their practice and provide a win-win scenario for themselves and their patients.
Assuntos
Anestesia Dentária/métodos , Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico/prevenção & controle , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças/métodos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Pré-Medicação/métodos , Administração Oral , Benzodiazepinas/administração & dosagem , Benzodiazepinas/classificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/classificação , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/classificação , Pré-Medicação/classificaçãoRESUMO
We investigated the anti-hyperalgesic effect of FR140423, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl-5-[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]pyrazole, in a rat model of postoperative pain. Oral administration of FR140423 at doses between 1 and 100 mg/kg after surgery dose dependently attenuated the punctate mechanical hyperalgesia caused by an incision of the plantar surface of the hind paw with an ED50 value of 59 mg/kg. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of systematically administered FR140423 was blocked by naloxone, a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist. Furthermore, the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (0.2 mg/kg) reversed anti-hyperalgesia induced by FR140423. Naloxonazine and nor-binaltorphimine failed to antagonize the anti-hyperalgesic effect of FR140423. The action of FR140423 differs from the naloxonazine-reversible anti-hyperalgesia induced by morphine. The present findings suggest that delta-opioid systems play a role in the rat anti-hyperalgesia produced by FR140423 for postoperative pain characterized by mechanical hyperalgesia.