RESUMO
Stimulation of naïve T cells during primary infection or vaccination drives the differentiation and expansion of effector and memory T cells that mediate immediate and long-term protection. Despite self-reliant rescue from infection, BCG vaccination, and treatment, long-term memory is rarely established against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) resulting in recurrent tuberculosis (TB). Here, we show that berberine (BBR) enhances innate defense mechanisms against M.tb and stimulates the differentiation of Th1/Th17 specific effector memory (TEM), central memory (TCM), and tissue-resident memory (TRM) responses leading to enhanced host protection against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Through whole proteome analysis of human PBMCs derived from PPD+ healthy individuals, we identify BBR modulated NOTCH3/PTEN/AKT/FOXO1 pathway as the central mechanism of elevated TEM and TRM responses in the human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, BBR-induced glycolysis resulted in enhanced effector functions leading to superior Th1/Th17 responses in human and murine T cells. This regulation of T cell memory by BBR remarkably enhanced the BCG-induced anti-tubercular immunity and lowered the rate of TB recurrence due to relapse and re-infection. These results thus suggest tuning immunological memory as a feasible approach to augment host resistance against TB and unveil BBR as a potential adjunct immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic against TB.
Assuntos
Berberina , Tuberculose , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Berberina/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Vacina BCG , Células T de Memória , Receptor Notch3RESUMO
Pirarubicin (THP) is a new generation of cell cycle non-specific anthracycline-based anticancer drug. In the clinic, THP and THP combination therapies have been shown to be effective in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) without serious side effects. However, drug resistance limits its therapeutic efficacy. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has been shown to possess antitumour properties against various malignancies. However, the synergistic effect of BBR and THP in the treatment of HCC is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that BBR sensitized HCC cells to THP, including enhancing THP-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of HCC cells. Moreover, we found that BBR sensitized THP by reducing the expression of autophagy-related 4B (ATG4B). Mechanistically, the inhibition of HIF1α-mediated ATG4B transcription by BBR ultimately led to attenuation of THP-induced cytoprotective autophagy, accompanied by enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis in THP-treated HCC cells. Tumor-bearing experiments in nude mice showed that the combination treatment with BBR and THP significantly suppressed the growth of HCC xenografts. These results reveal that BBR is able to strengthen the killing effect of THP on HCC cells by repressing the ATG4B-autophagy pathway, which may provide novel insights into the improvement of chemotherapeutic efficacy of THP, and may be conducive to the further clinical application of THP in HCC treatment.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia , Autofagia , Berberina , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Doxorrubicina , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Camundongos Nus , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia/metabolismo , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia/genética , Camundongos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisteína EndopeptidasesRESUMO
Developing novel strategies for defeating osteoporosis has become a world-wide challenge with the aging of the population. In this work, novel supramolecular nanoagonists (NAs), constructed from alkaloids and phenolic acids, emerge as a carrier-free nanotherapy for efficacious osteoporosis treatment. These precision nanoagonists are formed through the self-assembly of berberine (BER) and chlorogenic acid (CGA), utilizing noncovalent electrostatic, π-π, and hydrophobic interactions. This assembly results in a 100% drug loading capacity and stable nanostructure. Furthermore, the resulting weights and proportions of CGA and BER within the NAs are meticulously controlled with strong consistency when the CGA/BER assembly feed ratio is altered from 1:1 to 1:4. As anticipated, our NAs themselves could passively target osteoporotic bone tissues following prolonged blood circulation, modulate Wnt signaling, regulate osteogenic differentiation, and ameliorate bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice. We hope this work will open a new strategy to design efficient herbal-derived Wnt NAs for dealing with intractable osteoporosis.
Assuntos
Berberina , Ácido Clorogênico , Osteoporose , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Camundongos , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Berberina/química , Berberina/administração & dosagem , Berberina/farmacocinética , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/uso terapêutico , Ácido Clorogênico/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Nanoestruturas/química , Nanoestruturas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of aorta, remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular disease patients. Macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation are critically involved in early stages of atherosclerosis, hence chemopreventive targeting of foam cell formation by nutraceuticals may be a promising approach to curbing the progression of atherosclerosis. However, many nutraceuticals including berberine and ginkgetin have low stability, tissue/cell penetration and bioavailability resulting in inadequate chemotherapeutic effects of these nutraceuticals. We have used avocado-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from avocado (EVAvo ) as a novel carrier of nutraceuticals, in a strategy to alleviate the build-up of macrophage foam cells and expression of inflammatory genes. Our key findings are: (i) Avocado is a natural source of plant-derived EVs as shown by the results from transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and NanoBrook Omni analysis and atomic force microscopy; (ii) EVAvo are taken up by macrophages, a critical cell type in atherosclerosis; (iii) EVAvo can be loaded with high amounts of ginkgetin and berberine; (iv) ginkgetin plus berberine-loaded EVAvo (EVAvo(B+G) ) suppress activation of NFκB and NLRP3, and inhibit expression of pro-inflammatory and atherogenic genes, specifically Cd36, Tnfα, Il1ß and Il6; (v) EVAvo(B+G) attenuate oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation and (vi) EVAvo(B+G) inhibit oxLDL uptake but not its cell surface binding during foam cell formation. Overall, our results suggest that using EVAvo as a natural carrier of nutraceuticals may improve strategies to curb the progression of atherosclerosis by limiting inflammation and pro-atherogenic responses.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Berberina , Biflavonoides , Persea , Humanos , Células Espumosas , Berberina/farmacologia , Macrófagos , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Lipoproteínas LDLRESUMO
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a condition that causes kidney damage in patients receiving angiography with iodine-based contrast agents. This study investigated the potential protective effects of berberine (BBR) against CIN and its underlying mechanisms. The researchers conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore BBR's renal protective effects. In the in vivo experiments, SD rats were used to create a CIN model, and different groups were established. The results showed that CIN model group exhibited impaired renal function, severe damage to renal tubular cells and increased apoptosis and ferroptosis. However, BBR treatment group demonstrated improved renal function, decreased apoptosis and ferroptosis. Similar results were observed in the in vitro experiments using HK-2 cells. BBR reduced ioversol-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis, and exerted its protective effects through Akt/Foxo3a/Nrf2 signalling pathway. BBR administration increased the expression of Foxo3a and Nrf2 while decreasing the levels of p-Akt and p-Foxo3a. In conclusion, this study revealed that BBR effectively inhibited ioversol-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. The protective effects of BBR were mediated through the modulation of Akt/Foxo3a/Nrf2 signalling pathway, leading to the alleviation of CIN. These findings suggest that BBR may have therapeutic potential for protecting against CIN in patients undergoing angiography with iodine-based contrast agents.
Assuntos
Berberina , Iodo , Nefropatias , Ácidos Tri-Iodobenzoicos , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Berberina/farmacologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Nefropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Iodo/efeitos adversos , ApoptoseRESUMO
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown that berberine (BBR) is a potential cardioprotective agent. However, its effect and mechanism on CIH-induced cardiomyopathy remain uncovered. This study was designed to determine the effects of BBR against CIH-induced cardiac damage and to explore the molecular mechanisms. Mice were exposed to 5 weeks of CIH with or without the treatment of BBR and adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) carrying SIRT6 or SIRT6-specific short hairpin RNA. The effect of BBR was evaluated by echocardiography, histological analysis and western blot analysis. CIH caused the inactivation of myocardial SIRT6 and AMPK-FOXO3a signalling. BBR dose-dependently ameliorated cardiac injury in CIH-induced mice, as evidenced by increased cardiac function and decreased fibrosis. Notably, SIRT6 overexpression mimicked these beneficial effects, whereas infection with recombinant AAV9 carrying SIRT6-specific short hairpin RNA abrogated them. Mechanistically, BBR reduced oxidative stress damage and preserved mitochondrial function via activating SIRT6-AMPK-FOXO3a signalling, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis as well as PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SIRT6 activation protects against the pathogenesis of CIH-induced cardiac dysfunction. BBR attenuates CIH-induced myocardial injury by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy via the SIRT6-AMPK-FOXO3a signalling pathway.
Assuntos
Berberina , Proteína Forkhead Box O3 , Hipóxia , Transdução de Sinais , Sirtuínas , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Sirtuínas/metabolismo , Sirtuínas/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Camundongos , Masculino , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
The small molecule epiberberine (EPI) is a natural alkaloid with versatile bioactivities against several diseases including cancer and bacterial infection. EPI can induce the formation of a unique binding pocket at the 5' side of a human telomeric G-quadruplex (HTG) sequence with four telomeric repeats (Q4), resulting in a nanomolar binding affinity (KD approximately 26 nM) with significant fluorescence enhancement upon binding. It is important to understand (1) how EPI binding affects HTG structural stability and (2) how enhanced EPI binding may be achieved through the engineering of the DNA binding pocket. In this work, the EPI-binding-induced HTG structure stabilization effect was probed by a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) invasion assay in combination with a series of biophysical techniques. We show that the PNA invasion-based method may be useful for the characterization of compounds binding to DNA (and RNA) structures under physiological conditions without the need to vary the solution temperature or buffer components, which are typically needed for structural stability characterization. Importantly, the combination of theoretical modeling and experimental quantification allows us to successfully engineer Q4 derivative Q4-ds-A by a simple extension of a duplex structure to Q4 at the 5' end. Q4-ds-A is an excellent EPI binder with a KD of 8 nM, with the binding enhancement achieved through the preformation of a binding pocket and a reduced dissociation rate. The tight binding of Q4 and Q4-ds-A with EPI allows us to develop a novel magnetic bead-based affinity purification system to effectively extract EPI from Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian) extracts.
Assuntos
Berberina , Quadruplex G , Berberina/química , Berberina/análogos & derivados , Berberina/farmacologia , Humanos , DNA/química , Ácidos Nucleicos Peptídicos/químicaRESUMO
Berberine, isolated from Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron amurense, can attenuate colonic injury and modulate gut microbiota disorders in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism and causal relationship between gut microbiota and the efficacy of Berberine on UC are still unclear, which were investigated by pseudo-germ-free (PGF) mice, 16S rRNA gene analysis and transcriptome analysis in this study. The results demonstrated that Berberine improved gut microbiota disorders, colon damage, tight-junction proteins, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in DSS-induced colitis mice with intact gut microbiota but not in PGF mice. Besides, immune-related and inflammation-related pathways were closely related to the efficacy that Berberine alleviated colitis by regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, Berberine reduced PGE2, PLA2, COX-2, Ptges, EP2 and p-Stat3 only in colitis mice with intact gut microbiota. In summary, our study confirms that Berberine inhibits PLA2-COX-2-PGE2-EP2 pathway in UC through gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation in colon, which further elucidates the underlying mechanism and promotes the application of Berberine in UC.
Assuntos
Berberina , Colite Ulcerativa , Colite , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Camundongos , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Dinoprostona , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfolipases A2 , Sulfato de Dextrana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Colo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese herb with broad antimicrobial activity. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the metabolism of bile acids and cholesterol. Our study investigated the effects of BBR on alleviating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism disorders induced by high cholesterol diet in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice fed with high cholesterol diet (HC) containing 1.25 % cholesterol (HC group) or fed with chow diet containing 0.02 % cholesterol (Chow group) served as controls. BBR50 and BBR100 group mice were fed with HC, and oral BBR daily at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg respectively for 8 weeks. The results showed that BBR could reshape the homeostasis and composition of gut microbiota. The abundance of Clostridium genera was significantly inhibited by BBR, which resulted in a significant reduction of secondary bile acids within the enterohepatic circulation and a significant lower hydrophobic index of bile acids. The absorption of cholesterol in intestine, the deposition of cholesterol in liver and the excretion of cholesterol in biliary tract were significantly inhibited by BBR, which promoted the unsaturation of cholesterol in bile. These findings suggest the potential utility of BBR as a functional food to alleviate the negative effects of high cholesterol diet.
Assuntos
Berberina , Ácidos e Sais Biliares , Colesterol na Dieta , Colesterol , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Animais , Berberina/farmacologia , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Masculino , Colesterol/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Colesterol na Dieta/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
DNA-sensitive fluorescent light-up probes based on berberine are presented. This biogenic fluorophore was chosen as central unit to use its potential biocompatibility and its DNA-binding properties. To provide predictable fluorescence quenching in aqueous solution and a fluorescence light-up effect upon DNA binding, aryl substituents were attached at the 9-position by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The 9-arylberberine derivatives have a very low fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl =<0.02), which is caused by the radiationless deactivation of the excited state by torsional relaxation about the biaryl axis. In addition, these berberine derivatives intercalate into DNA with high affinity (Kb =2.0-22×104 â M-1 ). Except for the nitrophenyl- and hydroxyphenyl-substituted derivatives, all tested compounds exhibited a pronounced fluorescence light-up effect upon association with DNA, because the deactivation of the excited-state by torsional relaxation is suppressed in the DNA binding site. Most notably, it was shown exemplarily with the 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)- and the 9-(6-methoxynaphthyl)-substituted derivatives that these properties are suited for fluorimetric cell analysis. In particular, these probes generated distinct staining patterns in eukaryotic cells (NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts), which enabled the identification of nuclear substructures, most likely heterochromatin or nucleoli, respectively.
Assuntos
Berberina , Corantes Fluorescentes , Animais , Camundongos , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Berberina/química , Fluorometria , DNA/química , Sítios de LigaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, emerging as a significant health issue on a global scale. Berberine exhibits potential for treating NAFLD, but clinical evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of berberine for treating NAFLD. METHODS: This study was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42023462338). Identification of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involved searching 6 databases covering the period from their initiation to 9 September 2023. The primary outcomes comprised liver function markers such as glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lipid indices including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI). Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 17.0 were applied for analysis. RESULTS: Among 10 RCTs involving 811 patients, berberine demonstrated significant reductions in various parameters: ALT (standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 0.72), 95% confidence interval (Cl) [- 1.01, - 0.44], P < 0.00001), AST (SMD = - 0.79, 95% CI [- 1.17, - 0.40], P < 0.0001), GGT (SMD = - 0.62, 95% CI [- 0.95, - 0.29], P = 0.0002), TG (SMD = - 0.59, 95% CI [- 0.86, - 0.31], P < 0.0001), TC(SMD = - 0.74, 95% CI [- 1.00, - 0.49], P < 0.00001), LDL-C (SMD = - 0.53, 95% CI [- 0.88, - 0.18], P = 0.003), HDL-C (SMD = - 0.51, 95% CI [- 0.12, 1.15], P = 0.11), HOMA-IR (SMD = - 1.56, 95% CI [- 2.54, - 0.58], P = 0.002), and BMI (SMD = - 0.58, 95% CI [- 0.77, - 0.38], P < 0.00001). Importantly, Berberine exhibited a favorable safety profile, with only mild gastrointestinal adverse events reported. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates berberine's efficacy in improving liver enzymes, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD patients. These results indicate that berberine shows promise as an adjunct therapy for NAFLD. Trial registration The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42023462338). Registered on September 27, 2023.
Assuntos
Berberina , Resistência à Insulina , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Berberina/efeitos adversos , HDL-Colesterol , LDL-Colesterol , Lipídeos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , TriglicerídeosRESUMO
Biofilms produced by Candida albicans present a challenge in treatment with antifungal drug. Enhancing the sensitivity to fluconazole (FLC) is a reasonable method for treating FLC-resistant species. Moreover, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that berberine (BBR) can have antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of these effects. We conducted a comparative study of the inhibition of FLC-resistant strain growth by FLC treatment alone, BBR treatment alone, and the synergistic effect of combined FLC and BBR treatment. Twenty-four isolated strains showed distinct biofilm formation capabilities. The antifungal effect of combined FLC and BBR treatment in terms of the growth and biofilm formation of Candida albicans species was determined via checkerboard, time-kill, and fluorescence microscopy assays. The synergistic effect of BBR and FLC downregulated the expression of the efflux pump genes CDR1 and MDR, the hyphal gene HWP1, and the adhesion gene ALS3; however, the gene expression of the transcriptional repressor TUP1 was upregulated following treatment with this drug combination. Furthermore, the addition of BBR led to a marked reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity. To identify resistance-related genes and virulence factors through genome-wide sequencing analysis, we investigated the inhibition of related resistance gene expression by the combination of BBR and FLC, as well as the associated signaling pathways and metabolic pathways. The KEGG metabolic map showed that the metabolic genes in this strain are mainly involved in amino acid and carbon metabolism. The metabolic pathway map showed that several ergosterol (ERG) genes were involved in the synthesis of cell membrane sterols, which may be related to drug resistance. In this study, BBR + FLC combination treatment upregulated the expression of the ERG1, ERG3, ERG4, ERG5, ERG24, and ERG25 genes and downregulated the expression of the ERG6 and ERG9 genes compared with fluconazole treatment alone (p < 0.05).
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Berberina , Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Biologia Computacional , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Fluconazol , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Berberina/farmacologia , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/genética , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/genética , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study used berberine hydrochloride to treat the Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica infected with the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L. The effect of berberine hydrochloride on the survival rate and gut microbiota of C. japonica was investigated. Berberine hydrochloride improved the stability of the intestinal flora, with an increase in the abundance of probiotic species and a decrease in the abundance of both pathogenic bacteria after treatment with high concentrations of berberine hydrochloride. Berberine hydrochloride altered peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the intestinal tract compared to the control. Berberine hydrochloride could modulate the energy released from the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in the intestinal tract of C. japonica infected with A. hydrophila. Zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), occludin and signal transducer, and activator of transcription5b (STAT5b) expression were also increased, which improved intestinal barrier function. The results of this study provide new insights into the role of berberine hydrochloride in intestinal immune mechanisms and oxidative stress in crustaceans.
Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila , Antioxidantes , Berberina , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Berberina/farmacologia , Aeromonas hydrophila/efeitos dos fármacos , Aeromonas hydrophila/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Braquiúros/microbiologia , Braquiúros/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/metabolismoRESUMO
The increasing prevalence of extensively drug-and pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major concern for global public health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel antimicrobials that specifically target P. aeruginosa and its biofilms. In the present study, we determined that berberine hydrochloride inhibited the growth of planktonic bacteria as well as prevented the formation of biofilms. Moreover, we observed downregulation in the expression of pslA and pelA biofilm-related genes. Compared with existing antibiotics, berberine hydrochloride exhibits multiple modes of action against P. aeruginosa. Our findings suggest that berberine hydrochloride exerts its antimicrobial effects by damaging bacterial cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Furthermore, berberine hydrochloride showed minimal cytotoxicity and reduced susceptibility to drug resistance. In a mouse model of peritonitis, it significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and exhibited a strong bacteriostatic action. In conclusion, berberine hydrochloride is a safe and effective antibacterial agent that inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina , Antibacterianos , Berberina , Biofilmes , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plâncton , Infecções por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Berberina/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Camundongos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Plâncton/efeitos dos fármacos , Peritonite/microbiologia , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismoRESUMO
Berberrubine (BRB), a main metabolite of berberine, has stronger hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activity than its parent form. We previously found that BRB could cause obvious nephrotoxicity, but the molecular mechanism involved remains unknown. In this study, we systematically integrated metabolomics and quantitative proteomics to reveal the potential mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by BRB. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 103 significant- differentially metabolites were changed. Among the mentioned compounds, significantly upregulated metabolites were observed for phosphorylcholine, sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. The top three enriched KEGG pathways were the mTOR signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and choline metabolism in cancer. ERK1/2 plays key roles in all three metabolic pathways. To further confirm the main signaling pathways involved, a proteomic analysis was conducted to screen for key proteins (such as Mapk1, Mapk14, and Caspase), indicating the potential involvement of cellular growth and apoptosis. Moreover, combined metabolomics and proteomics analyses revealed the participation of ERK1/2 in multiple metabolic pathways. These findings indicated that ERK1/2 regulated the significant- differentially abundant metabolites determined via metabolomics analysis. Notably, through a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking, ERK1/2 were revealed to be the direct binding target involved in BRB-induced nephrotoxicity. To summarize, this study sheds light on the understanding of severe nephrotoxicity caused by BRB and provides scientific basis for its safe use and rational development.
Assuntos
Berberina , Metabolômica , Proteômica , Berberina/análogos & derivados , Berberina/toxicidade , Berberina/farmacologia , Metabolômica/métodos , Proteômica/métodos , Animais , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Humanos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has escalated to become the third most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired AKI, with a lack of efficacious interventions. Berberine (BBR) possesses diverse pharmacological effects and exhibits renoprotective properties; however, limited knowledge exists regarding its impact on CI-AKI. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of BBR on CI-AKI in a mice model, focusing on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and mitophagy. The CI-AKI mice model was established by administering NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), and iohexol (11 g/kg) following water deprivation. A pretreatment of 100 mg/kg of BBR was orally administered to the mice for two weeks. Renal injury markers, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), renal histopathology, mitochondrial morphology, autophagosomes, and potential mechanisms were investigated. BBR effectively reduced levels of renal injury biomarkers such as serum cystatin C, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, downregulated the protein level of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM1), and mitigated renal histomorphological damage. Moreover, BBR reduced DAMPs, including high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and uric acid (UA). It also alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß). Furthermore, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was attenuated in the BBR pretreatment group, as evidenced by both mRNA and protein levels. Electron microscopy and western blotting examination revealed that BBR mitigated mitochondrial damage and enhanced mitophagy. Additionally, BBR increased the P-AMPK/AMPK ratio. These findings indicated that BBR exerted a protective effect against CI-AKI by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulating mitophagy, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for its prevention.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Berberina , Meios de Contraste , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamassomos , Mitofagia , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Berberina/farmacologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Rim/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mitofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid found in plants. It has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering activity. However, the efficacy of treatment with BBR and the mechanisms through which it acts need further study. AIMS: This study investigated the therapeutic effects and the mechanism of action of BBR on obesity-induced insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. METHODS: High-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice and low-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice with miR-27a overexpression were given BBR intervention (100 mg/kg, po), and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Palmitic acid-stimulated hypertrophic adipocyte models were treated with BBR (10 µM). Related indicators and protein expression levels were examined. RESULTS: The AUCs of the OGTT and the ITT in the BBR intervention group were reduced significantly (p < 0.01) (p < 0.05), and the serum biochemical parameters, including FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly reduced after BBR intervention. In the in vitro experiments, the triglyceride level and volume of lipid droplets decreased significantly after BBR intervention (p < 0.01) (p < 0.05). Likewise, BBR ameliorates skeletal muscle and pancreas insulin signalling pathways in vivo and in vitro. DISCUSSION: The results showed that BBR significantly ameliorated insulin resistance, reduced body weight and percent body fat and improved serum biochemical parameters in mice. Likewise, BBR reduced triglyceride level and lipid droplet volume in hypertrophic adipocytes, BBR improved obesity effectively. Meanwhile, BBR ameliorated the histomorphology of the pancreas, and skeletal muscle and pancreas insulin related signalling pathways of islets in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results further demonstrated that BBR inhibited miR-27a levels in serum from obese mice and supernatant of hypertrophic adipocytes. miR-27a overexpression in low-fat fed mice indicated that miR-27a caused insulin resistance, and BBR intervention significantly improved the miR-27a induced insulin resistance status. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the important role of BBR in obesity-induced peripheral insulin resistance and suggest that the mechanism of its effect may be inhibition of miR-27a secretion.
Assuntos
Berberina , Resistência à Insulina , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , MicroRNAs , Obesidade , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , Masculino , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Teste de Tolerância a GlucoseRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which shows a long treatment cycle often leads to drug resistance, making treatment more difficult. Immunogens present in the pathogen's cell membrane can stimulate endogenous immune responses. Therefore, an effective lipid-based vaccine or drug delivery vehicle formulated from the pathogen's cell membrane can improve treatment outcomes. Herein, we extracted and characterized lipids fromMycobacterium smegmatis, and the extracts contained lipids belonging to numerous lipid classes and compounds typically found associated with mycobacteria. The extracted lipids were used to formulate biomimetic lipid reconstituted nanoparticles (LrNs) and LrNs-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-LrNs). Physiochemical characterization and results of morphology suggested that PLGA-LrNs exhibited enhanced stability compared with LrNs. And both of these two types of nanoparticles inhibited the growth of M. smegmatis. After loading different drugs, PLGA-LrNs containing berberine or coptisine strongly and synergistically prevented the growth of M. smegmatis. Altogether, the bacterial membrane lipids we extracted with antibacterial activity can be used as nanocarrier coating for synergistic antibacterial treatment of M. smegmatisâan alternative model of Mtb, which is expected as a novel therapeutic system for TB treatment.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium smegmatis , Nanopartículas , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Nanopartículas/química , Mycobacterium smegmatis/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/química , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/química , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Berberina/farmacologia , Berberina/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
In recent years, the evolution of antibiotic resistance has led to the inefficacy of several antibiotics, and the reverse of resistance was a novel method to solve this problem. We previously demonstrated that matrine (Mat) and berberine hydrochloride (Ber) had a synergistic effect against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC). This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of Mat combined with Ber in reversing the resistance of MDREC. The MDREC was sequenced passaged in the presence of Mat, Ber, and a combination of Mat and Ber, which did not affect its growth. The reverse rate was up to 39.67% after MDREC exposed to Mat + Ber for 15 days. The strain that reversed resistance was named drug resistance reversed E. coli (DRREC) and its resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline was reversed. The MIC of Gentamicin Sulfate (GS) against DRREC decreased 128-fold to 0.63 µg/mL, and it was stable within 20 generations. Furthermore, the susceptible phenotype of DRREC remained stable within 20 generations, as well. The LD50 of DRREC for chickens was 8.69 × 109 CFU/mL. qRT-PCR assays revealed that the transcript levels of antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence genes in the DRREC strain were significantly lower than that in the MDREC strain (P < 0.05). In addition, GS decreased the death, decreased the bacterial loading in organs, alleviated the injury of the spleen and liver, and decreased the cytokine levels in the chickens infected by the DRREC strain. In contrast, the therapeutic effect of GS in chickens infected with MDREC was not as evident. These findings suggest that the combination of Mat and Ber has potential for reversing resistance to MDREC.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Antibacterianos , Berberina , Galinhas , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Gentamicinas , Matrinas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Quinolizinas , Animais , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Berberina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo FarmacológicoRESUMO
The management of diabetic ulcers poses a significant challenge worldwide, and persistent hyperglycemia makes patients susceptible to bacterial infections. Unfortunately, the overuse of antibiotics may lead to drug resistance and prolonged infections, contributing to chronic inflammation and hindering the healing process. To address these issues, a photothermal therapy technique was incorporated in the preparation of wound dressings. This innovative solution involved the formulation of a self-healing and injectable hydrogel matrix based on the Schiff base structure formed between the oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) and hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan. Furthermore, the introduction of CuO nanoparticles encapsulated in polydopamine imparted excellent photothermal properties to the hydrogel, which promoted the release of berberine (BER) loaded on the nanoparticles and boosted the antibacterial performance. In addition to providing a reliable physical protection to the wound, the developed hydrogel, which integrated the herbal components of BSP and BER, effectively accelerated wound closure via microenvironment regulation, including alleviated inflammatory reaction, stimulated re-epithelialization, and reduced oxidative stress based on the promising results from cell and animal experiments. These impressive outcomes highlighted their clinical potential in safeguarding the wound against bacterial intrusion and managing diabetic ulcers.