RESUMO
Recent studies suggest that human-associated bacteria interact with host-produced steroids, but the mechanisms and physiological impact of such interactions remain unclear. Here, we show that the human gut bacteria Gordonibacter pamelaeae and Eggerthella lenta convert abundant biliary corticoids into progestins through 21-dehydroxylation, thereby transforming a class of immuno- and metabo-regulatory steroids into a class of sex hormones and neurosteroids. Using comparative genomics, homologous expression, and heterologous expression, we identify a bacterial gene cluster that performs 21-dehydroxylation. We also uncover an unexpected role for hydrogen gas production by gut commensals in promoting 21-dehydroxylation, suggesting that hydrogen modulates secondary metabolism in the gut. Levels of certain bacterial progestins, including allopregnanolone, better known as brexanolone, an FDA-approved drug for postpartum depression, are substantially increased in feces from pregnant humans. Thus, bacterial conversion of corticoids into progestins may affect host physiology, particularly in the context of pregnancy and women's health.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glucocorticoides , Hidrogênio , Progestinas , Humanos , Progestinas/metabolismo , Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Gravidez , Animais , Família Multigênica , Fezes/microbiologia , Pregnanolona/metabolismo , CamundongosRESUMO
Dexamethasone is a life-saving treatment for severe COVID-19, yet its mechanism of action is unknown, and many patients deteriorate or die despite timely treatment initiation. Here, we identify dexamethasone treatment-induced cellular and molecular changes associated with improved survival in COVID-19 patients. We observed a reversal of transcriptional hallmark signatures in monocytes associated with severe COVID-19 and the induction of a monocyte substate characterized by the expression of glucocorticoid-response genes. These molecular responses to dexamethasone were detected in circulating and pulmonary monocytes, and they were directly linked to survival. Monocyte single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)-derived signatures were enriched in whole blood transcriptomes of patients with fatal outcome in two independent cohorts, highlighting the potential for identifying non-responders refractory to dexamethasone. Our findings link the effects of dexamethasone to specific immunomodulation and reversal of monocyte dysregulation, and they highlight the potential of single-cell omics for monitoring in vivo target engagement of immunomodulatory drugs and for patient stratification for precision medicine approaches.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Dexametasona , Monócitos , SARS-CoV-2 , Análise de Célula Única , Humanos , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Monócitos/metabolismo , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Feminino , Transcriptoma , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Pulmão/patologia , AdultoRESUMO
The notion that psychological stress can deteriorate our health is widely accepted. However, the mechanisms at play are poorly understood. In this issue of Cell, Schneider et al. identify the impact of glucocorticoids on enteric glia and neurons and elucidate the underlying mechanisms that link psychological stress to the exacerbation of gut inflammation.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides , Neuroglia , Humanos , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Neuroglia/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Inflamação , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Mental health profoundly impacts inflammatory responses in the body. This is particularly apparent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which psychological stress is associated with exacerbated disease flares. Here, we discover a critical role for the enteric nervous system (ENS) in mediating the aggravating effect of chronic stress on intestinal inflammation. We find that chronically elevated levels of glucocorticoids drive the generation of an inflammatory subset of enteric glia that promotes monocyte- and TNF-mediated inflammation via CSF1. Additionally, glucocorticoids cause transcriptional immaturity in enteric neurons, acetylcholine deficiency, and dysmotility via TGF-ß2. We verify the connection between the psychological state, intestinal inflammation, and dysmotility in three cohorts of IBD patients. Together, these findings offer a mechanistic explanation for the impact of the brain on peripheral inflammation, define the ENS as a relay between psychological stress and gut inflammation, and suggest that stress management could serve as a valuable component of IBD care.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Entérico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Humanos , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Inflamação , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/fisiologia , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Early-life stress can have long-term health consequences, but the mechanisms of this are unknown. In this issue of Cell, Hong et al. demonstrate one such mechanism linking perinatal corticosteroid exposure to reduced CD8+ T cell function later in life and impaired anti-cancer and anti-bacterial immune responses.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Glucocorticoides , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Early life environmental exposure, particularly during perinatal period, can have a life-long impact on organismal development and physiology. The biological rationale for this phenomenon is to promote physiological adaptations to the anticipated environment based on early life experience. However, perinatal exposure to adverse environments can also be associated with adult-onset disorders. Multiple environmental stressors induce glucocorticoids, which prompted us to investigate their role in developmental programming. Here, we report that perinatal glucocorticoid exposure had long-term consequences and resulted in diminished CD8 T cell response in adulthood and impaired control of tumor growth and bacterial infection. We found that perinatal glucocorticoid exposure resulted in persistent alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Consequently, the level of the hormone in adults was significantly reduced, resulting in decreased CD8 T cell function. Our study thus demonstrates that perinatal stress can have long-term consequences on CD8 T cell immunity by altering HPA axis activity.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/imunologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/imunologia , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/genética , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/genética , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/patologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/genética , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/imunologia , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias/genética , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/imunologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/patologia , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Maintenance of tissue homeostasis is dependent on the communication between stem cells and supporting cells in the same niche. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are emerging as a critical component of the stem-cell niche for supporting their differentiation. How Treg cells sense dynamic signals in this microenvironment and communicate with stem cells is mostly unknown. In the present study, by using hair follicles (HFs) to study Treg cell-stem cell crosstalk, we show an unrecognized function of the steroid hormone glucocorticoid in instructing skin-resident Treg cells to facilitate HF stem-cell (HFSC) activation and HF regeneration. Ablation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in Treg cells blocks hair regeneration without affecting immune homeostasis. Mechanistically, GR and Foxp3 cooperate in Treg cells to induce transforming growth factor ß3 (TGF-ß3), which activates Smad2/3 in HFSCs and facilitates HFSC proliferation. The present study identifies crosstalk between Treg cells and HFSCs mediated by the GR-TGF-ß3 axis, highlighting a possible means of manipulating Treg cells to support tissue regeneration.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides , Folículo Piloso , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Cabelo/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta3/metabolismoRESUMO
Mammals evolved in the face of fluctuating food availability. How the immune system adapts to transient nutritional stress remains poorly understood. Here, we show that memory T cells collapsed in secondary lymphoid organs in the context of dietary restriction (DR) but dramatically accumulated within the bone marrow (BM), where they adopted a state associated with energy conservation. This response was coordinated by glucocorticoids and associated with a profound remodeling of the BM compartment, which included an increase in T cell homing factors, erythropoiesis, and adipogenesis. Adipocytes, as well as CXCR4-CXCL12 and S1P-S1P1R interactions, contributed to enhanced T cell accumulation in BM during DR. Memory T cell homing to BM during DR was associated with enhanced protection against infections and tumors. Together, this work uncovers a fundamental host strategy to sustain and optimize immunological memory during nutritional challenges that involved a temporal and spatial reorganization of the memory pool within "safe haven" compartments.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Memória Imunológica , Animais , Medula Óssea/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Restrição Calórica/veterinária , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocina CXCL12/metabolismo , Dieta Redutora/veterinária , Metabolismo Energético , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glucocorticoides , Melanoma Experimental/mortalidade , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Taxa de Sobrevida , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
Diversity in the genetic lesions that cause cancer is extreme. In consequence, a pressing challenge is the development of drugs that target patient-specific disease mechanisms. To address this challenge, we employed a chemistry-first discovery paradigm for de novo identification of druggable targets linked to robust patient selection hypotheses. In particular, a 200,000 compound diversity-oriented chemical library was profiled across a heavily annotated test-bed of >100 cellular models representative of the diverse and characteristic somatic lesions for lung cancer. This approach led to the delineation of 171 chemical-genetic associations, shedding light on the targetability of mechanistic vulnerabilities corresponding to a range of oncogenotypes present in patient populations lacking effective therapy. Chemically addressable addictions to ciliogenesis in TTC21B mutants and GLUT8-dependent serine biosynthesis in KRAS/KEAP1 double mutants are prominent examples. These observations indicate a wealth of actionable opportunities within the complex molecular etiology of cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/deficiência , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/genética , Descoberta de Drogas , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G1 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/genética , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Mutação , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Receptor Notch2/genética , Receptor Notch2/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/metabolismoRESUMO
The normal stress response in humans is governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through heightened mechanisms during stress, raising blood levels of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol. Glucocorticoids are quintessential compounds that balance the proper functioning of numerous systems in the mammalian body. They are also generated synthetically and are the preeminent therapy for inflammatory diseases. They act by binding to the nuclear receptor transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which has two main isoforms (GRα and GRß). Our classical understanding of glucocorticoid signaling is from the GRα isoform, which binds the hormone, whereas GRß has no known ligands. With glucocorticoids being involved in many physiological and cellular processes, even small disruptions in their release via the HPA axis, or changes in GR isoform expression, can have dire ramifications on health. Long-term chronic glucocorticoid therapy can lead to a glucocorticoid-resistant state, and we deliberate how this impacts disease treatment. Chronic glucocorticoid treatment can lead to noticeable side effects such as weight gain, adiposity, diabetes, and others that we discuss in detail. There are sexually dimorphic responses to glucocorticoids, and women tend to have a more hyperresponsive HPA axis than men. This review summarizes our understanding of glucocorticoids and critically analyzes the GR isoforms and their beneficial and deleterious mechanisms and the sexual differences that cause a dichotomy in responses. We also discuss the future of glucocorticoid therapy and propose a new concept of dual GR isoform agonist and postulate why activating both isoforms may prevent glucocorticoid resistance.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Masculino , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuais , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binds the human genome at >10,000 sites but only regulates the expression of hundreds of genes. To determine the functional effect of each site, we measured the glucocorticoid (GC) responsive activity of nearly all GR binding sites (GBSs) captured using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in A549 cells. 13% of GBSs assayed had GC-induced activity. The responsive sites were defined by direct GR binding via a GC response element (GRE) and exclusively increased reporter-gene expression. Meanwhile, most GBSs lacked GC-induced reporter activity. The non-responsive sites had epigenetic features of steady-state enhancers and clustered around direct GBSs. Together, our data support a model in which clusters of GBSs observed with ChIP-seq reflect interactions between direct and tethered GBSs over tens of kilobases. We further show that those interactions can synergistically modulate the activity of direct GBSs and may therefore play a major role in driving gene activation in response to GCs.
Assuntos
Genoma Humano , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional , Células A549 , Sítios de Ligação/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina , Dexametasona/metabolismo , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Genes Reporter , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Elementos de RespostaRESUMO
Controlling the balance between immunity and immunopathology is crucial for host resistance to pathogens. After infection, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to the production of glucocorticoids. However, the pleiotropic effects of these steroid hormones make it difficult to delineate their precise role(s) in vivo. Here we found that the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell function by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was required for host survival after infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Mechanistically, endogenous glucocorticoids produced shortly after infection induced selective and tissue-specific expression of the checkpoint receptor PD-1 on NK cells. This glucocorticoid-PD-1 pathway limited production of the cytokine IFN-γ by spleen NK cells, which prevented immunopathology. Notably, this regulation did not compromise viral clearance. Thus, the fine tuning of NK cell functions by the HPA axis preserved tissue integrity without impairing pathogen elimination, which reveals a novel aspect of neuroimmune regulation.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/fisiologia , Muromegalovirus/fisiologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Imunidade Inata , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Neuroimunomodulação , Especificidade de Órgãos , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Carga ViralRESUMO
Glucocorticoids represent the mainstay of therapy for a broad spectrum of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory mode of action have remained incompletely understood1. Here we show that the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids involve reprogramming of the mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages, resulting in increased and sustained production of the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate and consequent inhibition of the inflammatory response. The glucocorticoid receptor interacts with parts of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex whereby glucocorticoids provoke an increase in activity and enable an accelerated and paradoxical flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in otherwise pro-inflammatory macrophages. This glucocorticoid-mediated rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism potentiates TCA-cycle-dependent production of itaconate throughout the inflammatory response, thereby interfering with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, artificial blocking of the TCA cycle or genetic deficiency in aconitate decarboxylase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme of itaconate synthesis, interferes with the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and, accordingly, abrogates their beneficial effects during a diverse range of preclinical models of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Our findings provide important insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids and have substantial implications for the design of new classes of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Glucocorticoides , Inflamação , Macrófagos , Mitocôndrias , Succinatos , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Carboxiliases/metabolismo , Carboxiliases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Hidroliases/deficiência , Hidroliases/genética , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo Piruvato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Succinatos/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In this issue, Acharya et al. demonstrate that glucocorticoids produced by macrophages and monocytes in the tumor microenvironment induce a dysfunctional CD8+ T cell phenotype. Blocking myeloid glucocorticogenesis enhances tumor immune surveillance and responsiveness to immune checkpoint therapy.
Assuntos
Glucocorticoides , Microambiente Tumoral , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Diferenciação Celular , Células MieloidesRESUMO
Early-life stress has adverse health effects, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Hong et al. demonstrate that perinatal exposure to glucocorticoids in mice reprograms the neuroendocrine stress pathway. This results in reduced glucocorticoid levels in adults, leading to attenuated anti-tumor and anti-bacterial CD8+ T cell responses.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Glucocorticoides , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Gravidez , Estresse PsicológicoRESUMO
Identifying signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that shape CD8+ T cell phenotype can inform novel therapeutic approaches for cancer. Here, we identified a gradient of increasing glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and signaling from naïve to dysfunctional CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Conditional deletion of the GR in CD8+ TILs improved effector differentiation, reduced expression of the transcription factor TCF-1, and inhibited the dysfunctional phenotype, culminating in tumor growth inhibition. GR signaling transactivated the expression of multiple checkpoint receptors and promoted the induction of dysfunction-associated genes upon T cell activation. In the TME, monocyte-macrophage lineage cells produced glucocorticoids and genetic ablation of steroidogenesis in these cells as well as localized pharmacologic inhibition of glucocorticoid biosynthesis improved tumor growth control. Active glucocorticoid signaling associated with failure to respond to checkpoint blockade in both preclinical models and melanoma patients. Thus, endogenous steroid hormone signaling in CD8+ TILs promotes dysfunction, with important implications for cancer immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Hematopoese/imunologia , Fator 1-alfa Nuclear de Hepatócito/biossíntese , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/imunologiaRESUMO
Glucocorticoids (GC) are the mainstay treatment option for inflammatory conditions. Despite the broad usage of GC, the mechanisms by which GC exerts its effects remain elusive. Here, utilizing murine autoimmune and allergic inflammation models, we report that Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are irreplaceable GC target cells in vivo. Dexamethasone (Dex) administered in the absence of Treg cells completely lost its ability to control inflammation, and the lack of glucocorticoid receptor in Treg cells alone resulted in the loss of therapeutic ability of Dex. Mechanistically, Dex induced miR-342-3p specifically in Treg cells and miR-342-3p directly targeted the mTORC2 component, Rictor. Altering miRNA-342-3p or Rictor expression in Treg cells dysregulated metabolic programming in Treg cells, controlling their regulatory functions in vivo. Our results uncover a previously unknown contribution of Treg cells during glucocorticoid-mediated treatment of inflammation and the underlying mechanisms operated via the Dex-miR-342-Rictor axis.
Assuntos
Dexametasona/farmacologia , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteína Companheira de mTOR Insensível à Rapamicina/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 2 de Rapamicina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
Psychological stress has adverse effects on various human diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms by which stress influences disease activity remain unclear. Here, using vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) of sickle cell disease as a vascular disease model, we show that stress promotes VOEs by eliciting a glucocorticoid hormonal response that augments gut permeability, leading to microbiota-dependent interleukin-17A (IL-17A) secretion from T helper 17 (Th17) cells of the lamina propria, followed by the expansion of the circulating pool of aged neutrophils that trigger VOEs. We identify segmented filamentous bacteria as the commensal essential for the stress-induced expansion of aged neutrophils that enhance VOEs in mice. Importantly, the inhibition of glucocorticoids synthesis, blockade of IL-17A, or depletion of the Th17 cell-inducing gut microbiota markedly reduces stress-induced VOEs. These results offer potential therapeutic targets to limit the impact of psychological stress on acute vascular occlusion.
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/patologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Anemia Falciforme/psicologia , Animais , Bactérias/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Vida Livre de Germes , Glucocorticoides/biossíntese , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/psicologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Neutrófilos/imunologiaRESUMO
Glucocorticoids, which have been implied in mood modulation, display robust diurnal oscillations in the blood. But does their circadian rhythm regulate mood swings? Ikeda et al. now identify a paracrine signaling pathway in the adrenal cortex that potentiates the daily amplitude of plasma glucocorticoids and renders female mice braver.