RESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring KEAP1 mutations are often resistant to immunotherapy. Here, we show that KEAP1 targets EMSY for ubiquitin-mediated degradation to regulate homologous recombination repair (HRR) and anti-tumor immunity. Loss of KEAP1 in NSCLC induces stabilization of EMSY, producing a BRCAness phenotype, i.e., HRR defects and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Defective HRR contributes to a high tumor mutational burden that, in turn, is expected to prompt an innate immune response. Notably, EMSY accumulation suppresses the type I interferon response and impairs innate immune signaling, fostering cancer immune evasion. Activation of the type I interferon response in the tumor microenvironment using a STING agonist results in the engagement of innate and adaptive immune signaling and impairs the growth of KEAP1-mutant tumors. Our results suggest that targeting PARP and STING pathways, individually or in combination, represents a therapeutic strategy in NSCLC patients harboring alterations in KEAP1.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Reparo de DNA por Recombinação/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Evasão Tumoral/genética , Animais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Mutação , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Respiratory viral infections reprogram pulmonary macrophages with altered anti-infectious functions. However, the potential function of virus-trained macrophages in antitumor immunity in the lung, a preferential target of both primary and metastatic malignancies, is not well understood. Using mouse models of influenza and lung metastatic tumors, we show here that influenza trains respiratory mucosal-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) to exert long-lasting and tissue-specific antitumor immunity. Trained AMs infiltrate tumor lesions and have enhanced phagocytic and tumor cell cytotoxic functions, which are associated with epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic resistance to tumor-induced immune suppression. Generation of antitumor trained immunity in AMs is dependent on interferon-γ and natural killer cells. Notably, human AMs with trained immunity traits in non-small cell lung cancer tissue are associated with a favorable immune microenvironment. These data reveal a function for trained resident macrophages in pulmonary mucosal antitumor immune surveillance. Induction of trained immunity in tissue-resident macrophages might thereby be a potential antitumor strategy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Influenza Humana , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Macrófagos Alveolares , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Pulmão , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Genomic studies of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have advanced our understanding of the disease's biology and accelerated targeted therapy. However, the proteomic characteristics of LUAD remain poorly understood. We carried out a comprehensive proteomics analysis of 103 cases of LUAD in Chinese patients. Integrative analysis of proteome, phosphoproteome, transcriptome, and whole-exome sequencing data revealed cancer-associated characteristics, such as tumor-associated protein variants, distinct proteomics features, and clinical outcomes in patients at an early stage or with EGFR and TP53 mutations. Proteome-based stratification of LUAD revealed three subtypes (S-I, S-II, and S-III) related to different clinical and molecular features. Further, we nominated potential drug targets and validated the plasma protein level of HSP 90ß as a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD in an independent cohort. Our integrative proteomics analysis enables a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of LUAD and offers an opportunity for more precise diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteômica , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/genética , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Prognóstico , Proteoma/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates multi-layered signaling networks with broad implications in (patho)physiology, but high-throughput methods for functional annotation of phosphotyrosine sites are lacking. To decipher phosphotyrosine signaling directly in tissue samples, we developed a mass-spectrometry-based interaction proteomics approach. We measured the in vivo EGF-dependent signaling network in lung tissue quantifying >1,000 phosphotyrosine sites. To assign function to all EGF-regulated sites, we determined their recruited protein signaling complexes in lung tissue by interaction proteomics. We demonstrated how mutations near tyrosine residues introduce molecular switches that rewire cancer signaling networks, and we revealed oncogenic properties of such a lung cancer EGFR mutant. To demonstrate the scalability of the approach, we performed >1,000 phosphopeptide pulldowns and analyzed them by rapid mass spectrometric analysis, revealing tissue-specific differences in interactors. Our approach is a general strategy for functional annotation of phosphorylation sites in tissues, enabling in-depth mechanistic insights into oncogenic rewiring of signaling networks.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Fosfotirosina/metabolismo , Células A549 , Animais , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Mutação , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteômica , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
Mutational processes giving rise to lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs) in non-smokers remain elusive. We analyzed 138 LADC whole genomes, including 83 cases with minimal contribution of smoking-associated mutational signature. Genomic rearrangements were not correlated with smoking-associated mutations and frequently served as driver events of smoking-signature-low LADCs. Complex genomic rearrangements, including chromothripsis and chromoplexy, generated 74% of known fusion oncogenes, including EML4-ALK, CD74-ROS1, and KIF5B-RET. Unlike other collateral rearrangements, these fusion-oncogene-associated rearrangements were frequently copy-number-balanced, representing a genomic signature of early oncogenesis. Analysis of mutation timing revealed that fusions and point mutations of canonical oncogenes were often acquired in the early decades of life. During a long latency, cancer-related genes were disrupted or amplified by complex rearrangements. The genomic landscape was different between subgroups-EGFR-mutant LADCs had frequent whole-genome duplications with p53 mutations, whereas fusion-oncogene-driven LADCs had frequent SETD2 mutations. Our study highlights LADC oncogenesis driven by endogenous mutational processes.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Rearranjo Gênico , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mutação , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/metabolismoRESUMO
Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells are neurosensory cells sparsely distributed throughout the bronchial epithelium, many in innervated clusters of 20-30 cells. Following lung injury, NE cells proliferate and generate other cell types to promote epithelial repair. Here, we show that only rare NE cells, typically 2-4 per cluster, function as stem cells. These fully differentiated cells display features of classical stem cells. Most proliferate (self-renew) following injury, and some migrate into the injured area. A week later, individual cells, often just one per cluster, lose NE identity (deprogram), transit amplify, and reprogram to other fates, creating large clonal repair patches. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumor suppressors regulate the stem cells: Rb and p53 suppress self-renewal, whereas Notch marks the stem cells and initiates deprogramming and transit amplification. We propose that NE stem cells give rise to SCLC, and transformation results from constitutive activation of stem cell renewal and inhibition of deprogramming.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Células Neuroendócrinas/patologia , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Proteína do Retinoblastoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Camundongos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Neuroendócrinas/metabolismo , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/metabolismoRESUMO
Lung cancer is closely associated with chronic inflammation, but the causes of inflammation and the specific immune mediators have not been fully elucidated. The lung is a mucosal tissue colonized by a diverse bacterial community, and pulmonary infections commonly present in lung cancer patients are linked to clinical outcomes. Here, we provide evidence that local microbiota provoke inflammation associated with lung adenocarcinoma by activating lung-resident γδ T cells. Germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice were significantly protected from lung cancer development induced by Kras mutation and p53 loss. Mechanistically, commensal bacteria stimulated Myd88-dependent IL-1ß and IL-23 production from myeloid cells, inducing proliferation and activation of Vγ6+Vδ1+ γδ T cells that produced IL-17 and other effector molecules to promote inflammation and tumor cell proliferation. Our findings clearly link local microbiota-immune crosstalk to lung tumor development and thereby define key cellular and molecular mediators that may serve as effective targets in lung cancer intervention.
Assuntos
Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos/imunologia , Linfócitos Intraepiteliais/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-23/metabolismo , Linfócitos Intraepiteliais/metabolismo , Linfócitos Intraepiteliais/fisiologia , Pulmão/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microbiota/imunologia , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta , Simbiose/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Approximately 30% of human lung cancers acquire mutations in either Keap1 or Nfe2l2, resulting in the stabilization of Nrf2, the Nfe2l2 gene product, which controls oxidative homeostasis. Here, we show that heme triggers the degradation of Bach1, a pro-metastatic transcription factor, by promoting its interaction with the ubiquitin ligase Fbxo22. Nrf2 accumulation in lung cancers causes the stabilization of Bach1 by inducing Ho1, the enzyme catabolizing heme. In mouse models of lung cancers, loss of Keap1 or Fbxo22 induces metastasis in a Bach1-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of Ho1 suppresses metastasis in a Fbxo22-dependent manner. Human metastatic lung cancer display high levels of Ho1 and Bach1. Bach1 transcriptional signature is associated with poor survival and metastasis in lung cancer patients. We propose that Nrf2 activates a metastatic program by inhibiting the heme- and Fbxo22-mediated degradation of Bach1, and that Ho1 inhibitors represent an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent lung cancer metastasis.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proteínas F-Box/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas F-Box/genética , Proteínas F-Box/metabolismo , Feminino , Heme Oxigenase-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Metástase Neoplásica , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/genética , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/metabolismo , Ativação TranscricionalRESUMO
Epithelial cells have an ability termed 'cell competition', which is an immune surveillance-like function that extrudes precancerous cells from the epithelial layer, leading to apoptosis and clearance. However, it remains unclear how epithelial cells recognize and extrude transformed cells. Here, we discovered that a PirB family protein, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B3 (LILRB3), which is expressed on non-transformed epithelial cells, recognizes major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) that is highly expressed on transformed cells. MHC class I interaction with LILRB3 expressed on normal epithelial cells triggers an SHP2-ROCK2 pathway that generates a mechanical force to extrude transformed cells. Removal of transformed cells occurs independently of natural killer (NK) cell or CD8+ cytotoxic T cell-mediated activity. This is a new mechanism in that the immunological ligand-receptor system generates a mechanical force in non-immune epithelial cells to extrude precancerous cells in the same epithelial layer.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apoptose , Competição entre as Células , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/metabolismo , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos CD/genética , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/metabolismo , Cães , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Células HaCaT , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Mecanotransdução Celular , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/genética , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/imunologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 11/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Receptores Imunológicos/genética , Estresse Mecânico , Quinases Associadas a rho/metabolismoRESUMO
Cancer immunotherapies have shown substantial clinical activity for a subset of patients with epithelial cancers. Still, technological platforms to study cancer T-cell interactions for individual patients and understand determinants of responsiveness are presently lacking. Here, we establish and validate a platform to induce and analyze tumor-specific T cell responses to epithelial cancers in a personalized manner. We demonstrate that co-cultures of autologous tumor organoids and peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used to enrich tumor-reactive T cells from peripheral blood of patients with mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these T cells can be used to assess the efficiency of killing of matched tumor organoids. This platform provides an unbiased strategy for the isolation of tumor-reactive T cells and provides a means by which to assess the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated attack at the level of the individual patient.
Assuntos
Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Técnicas de Cocultura , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Diversity in the genetic lesions that cause cancer is extreme. In consequence, a pressing challenge is the development of drugs that target patient-specific disease mechanisms. To address this challenge, we employed a chemistry-first discovery paradigm for de novo identification of druggable targets linked to robust patient selection hypotheses. In particular, a 200,000 compound diversity-oriented chemical library was profiled across a heavily annotated test-bed of >100 cellular models representative of the diverse and characteristic somatic lesions for lung cancer. This approach led to the delineation of 171 chemical-genetic associations, shedding light on the targetability of mechanistic vulnerabilities corresponding to a range of oncogenotypes present in patient populations lacking effective therapy. Chemically addressable addictions to ciliogenesis in TTC21B mutants and GLUT8-dependent serine biosynthesis in KRAS/KEAP1 double mutants are prominent examples. These observations indicate a wealth of actionable opportunities within the complex molecular etiology of cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/deficiência , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/genética , Descoberta de Drogas , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G1 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/genética , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Mutação , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Receptor Notch2/genética , Receptor Notch2/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/metabolismoRESUMO
Many biochemical systems are spatially heterogeneous and exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as state switching in response to small changes in the local concentration of diffusible molecules. Systems as varied as blood clotting, intracellular calcium signaling, and tissue inflammation are all heavily influenced by the balance of rates of reaction and mass transport phenomena including flow and diffusion. Transport of signaling molecules is also affected by geometry and chemoselective confinement via matrix binding. In this review, we use a phenomenon referred to as patchy switching to illustrate the interplay of nonlinearities, transport phenomena, and spatial effects. Patchy switching describes a change in the state of a network when the local concentration of a diffusible molecule surpasses a critical threshold. Using patchy switching as an example, we describe conceptual tools from nonlinear dynamics and chemical engineering that make testable predictions and provide a unifying description of the myriad possible experimental observations. We describe experimental microfluidic and biochemical tools emerging to test conceptual predictions by controlling transport phenomena and spatial distribution of diffusible signals, and we highlight the unmet need for in vivo tools.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Esclerose Múltipla/metabolismo , Dinâmica não Linear , Osteoporose/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Transporte Biológico , Difusão , Humanos , Dispositivos Lab-On-A-Chip , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Microfluídica/instrumentação , Microfluídica/métodos , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Osteoporose/genética , Osteoporose/patologia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Acquisition of a lipid-laden phenotype by immune cells has been defined in infectious diseases and atherosclerosis but remains largely uncharacterized in cancer. Here, in breast cancer models, we found that neutrophils are induced to accumulate neutral lipids upon interaction with resident mesenchymal cells in the premetastatic lung. Lung mesenchymal cells elicit this process through repressing the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity in neutrophils in prostaglandin E2-dependent and -independent manners. In vivo, neutrophil-specific deletion of genes encoding ATGL or ATGL inhibitory factors altered neutrophil lipid profiles and breast tumor lung metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, lipids stored in lung neutrophils are transported to metastatic tumor cells through a macropinocytosis-lysosome pathway, endowing tumor cells with augmented survival and proliferative capacities. Pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis significantly reduced metastatic colonization by breast tumor cells in vivo. Collectively, our work reveals that neutrophils serve as an energy reservoir to fuel breast cancer lung metastasis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Endocitose , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Camundongos , Metástase Neoplásica , Neutrófilos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Cancer cells consume glucose and secrete lactate in culture. It is unknown whether lactate contributes to energy metabolism in living tumors. We previously reported that human non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) oxidize glucose in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we show that lactate is also a TCA cycle carbon source for NSCLC. In human NSCLC, evidence of lactate utilization was most apparent in tumors with high 18fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and aggressive oncological behavior. Infusing human NSCLC patients with 13C-lactate revealed extensive labeling of TCA cycle metabolites. In mice, deleting monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) from tumor cells eliminated lactate-dependent metabolite labeling, confirming tumor-cell-autonomous lactate uptake. Strikingly, directly comparing lactate and glucose metabolism in vivo indicated that lactate's contribution to the TCA cycle predominates. The data indicate that tumors, including bona fide human NSCLC, can use lactate as a fuel in vivo.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Ácidos Glicéricos/metabolismo , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Transportadores de Ácidos Monocarboxílicos/genética , Transportadores de Ácidos Monocarboxílicos/metabolismo , Transplante de Neoplasias , Simportadores/genética , Simportadores/metabolismoRESUMO
The transcription factor NRF2 is a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, and it is often genetically activated in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) by, for instance, mutations in the negative regulator KEAP1. While direct pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 has proven challenging, its aberrant activation rewires biochemical networks in cancer cells that may create special vulnerabilities. Here, we use chemical proteomics to map druggable proteins that are selectively expressed in KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells. Principal among these is NR0B1, an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that we show engages in a multimeric protein complex to regulate the transcriptional output of KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells. We further identify small molecules that covalently target a conserved cysteine within the NR0B1 protein interaction domain, and we demonstrate that these compounds disrupt NR0B1 complexes and impair the anchorage-independent growth of KEAP1-mutant cancer cells. Our findings designate NR0B1 as a druggable transcriptional regulator that supports NRF2-dependent lung cancers.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/química , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/química , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Proteoma/análise , Transcriptoma , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisteína/metabolismo , Receptor Nuclear Órfão DAX-1/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Ligantes , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismoRESUMO
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Yang et al.1 find that arginine-to-cysteine substitutants are enriched in a subset of lung cancer proteomes, potentiated by arginine deprivation, and promote resistance to chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Arginina , Cisteína , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteoma , Humanos , Cisteína/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Arginina/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genéticaRESUMO
eEF2 post-translational modifications (PTMs) can profoundly affect mRNA translation dynamics. However, the physiologic function of eEF2K525 trimethylation (eEF2K525me3), a PTM catalyzed by the enzyme FAM86A, is unknown. Here, we find that FAM86A methylation of eEF2 regulates nascent elongation to promote protein synthesis and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) pathogenesis. The principal physiologic substrate of FAM86A is eEF2, with K525me3 modeled to facilitate productive eEF2-ribosome engagement during translocation. FAM86A depletion in LUAD cells causes 80S monosome accumulation and mRNA translation inhibition. FAM86A is overexpressed in LUAD and eEF2K525me3 levels increase through advancing LUAD disease stages. FAM86A knockdown attenuates LUAD cell proliferation and suppression of the FAM86A-eEF2K525me3 axis inhibits cancer cell and patient-derived LUAD xenograft growth in vivo. Finally, FAM86A ablation strongly attenuates tumor growth and extends survival in KRASG12C-driven LUAD mouse models. Thus, our work uncovers an eEF2 methylation-mediated mRNA translation elongation regulatory node and nominates FAM86A as an etiologic agent in LUAD.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Carcinogênese , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Fator 2 de Elongação de Peptídeos , RNA Mensageiro , Humanos , Animais , Metilação , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Elongação de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fator 2 de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Elongação Traducional da Cadeia Peptídica , Camundongos Nus , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , FemininoRESUMO
Many types of human cancers suppress the expression of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a rate-limiting enzyme for arginine production. Although dependency on exogenous arginine can be harnessed by arginine-deprivation therapies, the impact of ASS1 suppression on the quality of the tumor proteome is unknown. We therefore interrogated proteomes of cancer patients for arginine codon reassignments (substitutants) and surprisingly identified a strong enrichment for cysteine (R>C) in lung tumors specifically. Most R>C events did not coincide with genetically encoded R>C mutations but were likely products of tRNA misalignments. The expression of R>C substitutants was highly associated with oncogenic kelch-like epichlorohydrin (ECH)-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-pathway mutations and suppressed by intact-KEAP1 in KEAP1-mutated cancer cells. Finally, functional interrogation indicated a key role for R>C substitutants in cell survival to cisplatin, suggesting that regulatory codon reassignments endow cancer cells with more resilience to stress. Thus, we present a mechanism for enriching lung cancer proteomes with cysteines that may affect therapeutic decisions.
Assuntos
Arginina , Cisteína , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteoma , Humanos , Cisteína/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Arginina/metabolismo , Mutação , Argininossuccinato Sintase/metabolismo , Argininossuccinato Sintase/genética , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteômica/métodos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA de Transferência/metabolismo , RNA de Transferência/genéticaRESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is heterogeneous in the genetic and environmental parameters that influence cell metabolism in culture. Here, we assessed the impact of these factors on human NSCLC metabolism in vivo using intraoperative (13)C-glucose infusions in nine NSCLC patients to compare metabolism between tumors and benign lung. While enhanced glycolysis and glucose oxidation were common among these tumors, we observed evidence for oxidation of multiple nutrients in each of them, including lactate as a potential carbon source. Moreover, metabolically heterogeneous regions were identified within and between tumors, and surprisingly, our data suggested potential contributions of non-glucose nutrients in well-perfused tumor areas. Our findings not only demonstrate the heterogeneity in tumor metabolism in vivo but also highlight the strong influence of the microenvironment on this feature.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/irrigação sanguínea , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Feminino , Glicólise , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/irrigação sanguínea , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de PósitronsRESUMO
Metastases are the main cause of cancer deaths, but the mechanisms underlying metastatic progression remain poorly understood. We isolated pure populations of cancer cells from primary tumors and metastases from a genetically engineered mouse model of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to investigate the mechanisms that drive the metastatic spread of this lethal cancer. Genome-wide characterization of chromatin accessibility revealed the opening of large numbers of distal regulatory elements across the genome during metastatic progression. These changes correlate with copy number amplification of the Nfib locus, and differentially accessible sites were highly enriched for Nfib transcription factor binding sites. Nfib is necessary and sufficient to increase chromatin accessibility at a large subset of the intergenic regions. Nfib promotes pro-metastatic neuronal gene expression programs and drives the metastatic ability of SCLC cells. The identification of widespread chromatin changes during SCLC progression reveals an unexpected global reprogramming during metastatic progression.