[Induction of substances with thymosin-like activity and the potentiation of interferonogenesis in the mechanism of prodigiozan inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced blastomogenesis]. / Induktsiia veshchestv s timozinopodobnoi altivnost'iu i potentsirovanie interferonogeneza v mekhanizme tormozheniia prodigiozanom blastomogeneza, indutsirovannogo 3-metilkholantrenom.

It is shown that prodigiosan is an inductor of synthesis of the substances with the thymosin-like activity. The suggestion about inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced blastomogenesis by prodigiosan which is mediated by the substances with the thymosin-like activity and interferon is discussed. We present the hypothetical diagram of the development of the above mentioned mechanism. The significance of the obtained findings for elaboration of the immunotherapy is discussed.

[Effect of bacterial preparations on the hematopoiesis of irradiated animals]. / Vliianie bakterial'nykh preparatov na gemopoéz obluchennykh zhivotnykh.

It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.

[Stimulation of regenerative processes and correction of the functional activity of the liver in its partial resection and toxic lesions]. / Stimuliatsiia protsessov regeneratsii i korrektsiia funktsional'noi aktivnosti pecheni pri ee chastichnoi rezektsii i toksicheskikh porazheniiakh.

The effects of hepatotropic growth factors (HGFs) and phospholipid drugs on the recovery of functions and the regeneration of the rat liver were studied in CC14-induced toxic damage and after partial hepatectomy (PHE). HGFs isolated from the cytoplasmic cells of the regenerating liver, as well as from the liver of the animals given prodigiozan and from the media taken after culturing the explants of the regenerating liver were found to stimulate DNA synthesis and hepatocytic proliferation following PHE and in the cirrhotic liver. Prodigiozan was shown to induce the formation of HGFs not only in the rat liver following PHE, but in the liver of intact animals. It was established that the covalently binding complex of albumin and bilirubin stimulated the synthesis of proteins and DNA in the regenerating liver, but non-covalently binding complex inhibited these processes. When CC14 was administered to the animals, the two complexes enhanced the reparative synthesis of DNA, without changing the level of replicating synthesis, the non-covalently binding complex completely eliminating the single-strand breaks in DNA. Phospholipid agents containing soybean and sunflower phosphatidylcholines increased the synthesis of RNA and albumin, which were decreased due to exposure to CC14 and had the property of stimulating the synthesis of total DNA and considerably enhancing that of mitochondrial DNA.

[Effect of immunomodulators on resistance to gas gangrene. The enhanced resistance of white mice to perfringens toxin type A as affected by prodigiozan]. / Izuchenie vliianiia immunomoduliatorov na ustoichivost' organizma k agzovoi gangrene. Povyshenie ustoichivosti belykh myshei k toksinu perfringens tipa A pod vliianiem prodigiozana.

Experiments on 575 noninbred white mice have revealed that the nonspecific resistance of the animals to type A C. perfringens toxin can be enhanced by the administration of Prodigiosan, a commercial immunostimulating agent. Prodigiosan, introduced in 3-4 injections (the last one made 24 hours before intoxication) has been found to enhance the resistance of the animals to the subcutaneous injection of type A C. perfringens toxin by 40-60% and to its intraperitoneal injection by 60-97%.

[The effect of immunostimulants on the resistance of white mice to the causative agent of typhoid fever]. / Izuchenie vliianiia immunostimuliatorov na ustoichivost' belykh myshei k vobuditeliu briushnogo tifa.

The influence of prodigiosan, salmosan, polyribonate and levamisole on the body nonspecific and specific resistance to S. typhi strain 4446 has been studied. Prodigiosan and salmosan have proved to be the most effective. The injection of these compounds simultaneously with typhoid vaccine (both chemical adsorbed vaccine and alcohol-treated vaccine, enriched with Vi-antigen) significantly increases the survival rate of immunized animals (by 35-45%), elevates the resistance index (1.5- to 2.3-fold) and the effectiveness index of the vaccine (17- to 32-fold) in comparison with the controls. Besides, prodigiosan and salmosan alone are capable of increasing nonspecific resistance to S. typhi strain 4446, which is manifested by an increase of the survival rate of stimulated animals by 61.87%. Proceeding from the results thus obtained, the possibility of good prospects for prodigiosan and salmosan in the prophylaxis of typhoid fever in humans may be inferred.

[Indices of immunity and allergy in patients with viral hepatitis treated with prodigiozan]. / Nekotorye pokazateli immuniteta i allergii u bol'nykh virusnymi gepatitami pri lechenii prodigiozanom.

The immune and allergic status of patients with acute viral hepatitides A and B after treatment with prodigiosan, a bacterial lipopolysaccharide preparation, was studied. The drug produced as stimulating effect on cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The development of delayed specific drug sensitization was registered in two-thirds of the patients, which correlated with the regression of clinicobiochemical manifestations of hepatitis.

[Prodigiozan modulation of the specific activity of antidepressants]. / Moduliatsiia prodigiozanom spetsificheskoi aktivnosti antidepressantov.

The experiments carried out on mongrel male mice showed that bacterial lipopolysaccharide Prodigiozan inhibit the activity of P-450-dependent monooxygenases of the liver, thus changing the activity of antidepressants--amitriptyline and imipraminum. The data on biological activity were tested in "tail suspension" test. Prodigiozan exhibited no central effect. Changes in biotransformation processes after single administration of both drugs resulted in the delay and prolongation of the effect. Prodigiozan prevents the induction of microsomal enzymes caused by antidepressants. Amitriptyline do not affect the immunostimulating action of prodigiozan, whereas imipraminum inhibited prodigiozan activity.

[Effectiveness of prodigiozan, methyluracil and levamisole in experimental infection after administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]. / Effektivnost' prodigiozana, metiluratsila, levamizola pri éksperimental'noi infektsii na fone primeneniia nesteroidnykh protivovospalitel'nykh sredstv.

The effect of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NAID) such as voltaren, acetylsalicylic acid, indometacin and naproxen on the efficacy of immunostimulators in treatment of infections caused by Proteus and Staphylococcus was studied. It was shown that except naproxen the NAID were capable of decreasing resistance to Proteus infections. Acetylsalicylic acid increased resistance to staphylococcal infections. The rest of the drugs did not change it. Prodigiozan increased resistance to the infections at the background of the NAID. However, volteran and indometacin lowered its effect in infections caused by Proteus. Levamisol stimulated resistance of mice to the infections at the background of volteran and increased resistance to Proteus infections lowered by acetylsalicylic acid. Methyluracyl was not able to increase resistance to the infections at the background of the NAID. It only increased resistance to Proteus infections lowered by acetylsalicylic acid. Levamisol and methyluracyl did not as a rule increase efficacy of antibiotic therapy at the background of the NAID.

[Treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal bronchitis using bacterial polysaccharides as a way to correct secondary immunologic deficiency]. / Lechenie bol'nykh khronicheskim kataral'nym bronkhitom bakterial'nymi lipopolisakharidami kak put' korrektsii vtorichnoi immunologicheskoi nedostatochnosti.

In mild exacerbation of chronic catarrhal bronchitis secondary immune deficiency manifests itself in a reduced level of the main classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and lowered function of neutrophilic leukocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (prodigiozan, pyrogenal) are recommended for the correction of the above disorders.

[Immunomodulating therapy of adjuvant disease in rats using cyclophosphamide in combination with prodigiozan--its effect on anti-infectious resistance]. / Immunomoduliruiushchaia terapiia ad''iuvantnoi bolezni krys tsiklofosfamidom v sochetanii s prodigiozanom--vliianie na protivoinfektsionnuiu rezistentnost'.

The effect of immunomodulating therapy of adjuvant disease in rats with cyclophosphamide, prodigiozan and their combinations on infection resistance, weight of the lymphoid organs and leukocyte counts in peripheral blood, as well as the effect of prodigiozan on acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide in intact mice and mice exposed to the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was studied. Prodigiozan did not increase acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide in the intact mice. It lowered the cyclophosphamide toxicity at the background of the FCA and decreased the levels of leukopenia induced by the immunosuppressor in the rats with adjuvant arthritis. It was shown on the models of local infectious inflammation caused by Proteus and lethal sepsis due to P. aeruginosa that the combined use of prodigiozan and cyclophosphamide resulted in correction of the infection resistance impairment induced by both the arthritis development and the immunosuppressor administration.

[Analysis of immunocompetent cell subpopulations in chronic bronchitis patients during the use of different immunomodulating preparations]. / Analiz subpopuliatsii immunokompetentnykh kletok u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom na fone primeneniia razlichnykh immunomoduliruiushchikh preparatov.

Twenty-seven patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and 47 patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis were subjected to subpopulation analysis of peripheral blood immunocompetent cells. Statistically significant changes in the content of T mu and T gamma cells, killer and suppressor activity of lymphocytes were discovered in patients with chronic bronchitis. One of the immunological differences between chronic obstructive and chronic non-obstructive bronchitis lies in the activity of Con A-induced suppressors, which is appreciably lowered in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.

[Effect of prodigiozan on immune reactivity in patients with steroid-dependent bronchial asthma]. / Vliianie prodigiozana na immunnuiu reaktivnost' bol'nykh steroidzavisimoi bronkhial'noi astmoi.

An optimum scheme of prodigiosan therapy was developed for patients with steroid-dependent bronchial asthma taking account of the hormonal and immunological status. First the drug was administered at a dose of 0.1 ml of 0.005% solution, then in 3-4 days the dose was increased (in good tolerance) up to 0.2-0.4-0.8-1.0 ml. After the first administration of the drug at a dose exceeding 0.1 ml herpes virus could be activated in the body. Course therapy producing a stimulating effect on the immune system, inhibited the occurrence of autoimmune manifestations, prolonged bronchial asthma remission, permitted the reduction of retention of a maintenance dose of glucocorticoids.

[Use of interferon inducers and reaferon in the combined therapy of acute viral hepatitis B]. / Primenenie interferonogenov i reaferona v kompleksnoi terapii ostrogo virusnogo gepatita B.

The therapeutic effectiveness of interferon inducers (prodigiozan and ibuprofen), the Soviet drug reaferon and their combined use in acute viral hepatitis type B was studied. Indications for their use resulted from lowered capacity of the body for interferonogenesis at the height of the disease. The above drugs stimulated cellular immunity, promoted more rapid disappearance of clinical symptoms of disease, and reduced the period of hospital treatment. A more marked therapeutic effect was noted in combined administration of reaferon and ibuprofen.

[Doxycycline in the combined treatment of the tuboperitoneal form of infertility of chlamydial etiology (a clinico-endoscopic study)]. / Doksitsiklin v kompleksnom lechenii trubno-peritoneal'noi formy besplodiia khlamidiinoi étiologii (kliniko-édoskopicheskoe issledovanie).

The diagnostic laparoscopy revealed ascending multifocal affections of the chlamydial origin in the organs of the small pelvis. It provided an objective information on the tuboperitoneal inflammation and made it possible to apply the adequate treatment. The surgical laparoscopy (adhesiotomy and salpingostomy) in the comprehensive treatment with the use of doxycycline and prodigiosan promoted the recovery of the female reproductive function.

[The use of preparations of protozoan origin as agents for the prevention and early therapy of combined radiation-thermal injuries]. / Ispol'zovanie preparatov protozoinogo proiskhozhdeniia v kachestve sredstv profilaktiki i rannei terapii kombinirovannykh radiatsionno-termicheskikh porazhenii.

Radioprotective and therapeutic effects of astazian and astazilide, the drugs of protozoan origin, were studied in comparison with known modifiers of biological reactions (bacterial polysaccharides, synthetic polypeptides) in combined radiation-thermal injuries (CRTI). The efficiency of drugs under examination was found to be time- and dose-dependent. Application of the drugs of protozoan nature 24 hours prior to or 1 hour following CRTI provided 30 to 50% survival of experimental animals for 30 days as compared to 4.5% in the group of untreated mice. Administration of the drugs 3-7 days following CRTI exerted no therapeutic effect.

[Effect of prodigiozan on the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of neutrophils in chronic myeloid leukemia]. / Vliianie prodigiozana na antitelozavisimuiu tsitotoksichnost' neitrofilov pri khronicheskom mieloidnom leikoze.

Decreased levels of neutrophils, Fc- and C3-expressing receptors, oxygen-dependent metabolism as well as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of these cells to target cells were identified in advanced chronic myeloid leukemia, particularly, in blast crisis. Treatment with cytostatic agents resulted in further decrease in said parameters. However, treatment with prodigiozan was followed by improvement in cell functioning.

[Reaferon and interferonogenes in the therapy of acute viral hepatitis B]. / Primenenie reaferona i interferonogenov v terapii ostrogo virusnogo gepatita B.

Monotherapy with reaferon (alpha 2-interferon) versus prodigiosan plus ibuprofen combination was investigated in acute viral hepatitis B. The drugs were found to stimulate cellular immunity and to induce a decrease of total serum IgE levels. The effect of prodigiosan combined with ibuprofen proved more pronounced.

[The clinico-immunological efficacy of paspat and prodigiozan in the combined treatment of infectious-allergic bronchial asthma]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia éffektivnost' paspata i prodigiozana v kompleksnom lechenii infektsionno-allergicheskoi bronkhial'noi astmy.

64 patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma (IABA) were examined. 20 of them were co-administered paspat, 24 patients additionally received prodigiosan, 20 patients constituted control group and were given conventional treatment. Patients of all the groups were comparable in age, state of immunological reactivity of the body and severity of the disease. Immunomodulatory effect of the drugs, mainly of paspat, not only resulted in normalization of functional properties of granulocytes but also promoted liquidation of quantitative and functional IABA-conditioned immunodeficiency on the part of T- and B-lymphocytes, thus increasing effectiveness of the treatment in the whole.

[Therapeutic tactics in the association of acute cholecystitis and obesity]. / Lechebnaia taktika pri sochetanii ostrogo kholetsistita s ozhireniem.

From experience in the treatment of 326 patients with acute cholecystitis and concomitant obesity the authors discuss the causes of unfavourable outcomes and plan the means for improving the results. Postoperative suppuration of the wound occurred in 31.5% of cases, and was encountered most frequently in patients who underwent emergency and urgent operations. It was established that concomitant obesity in patients with acute cholecystitis is a factor raising the risk of postoperative pyo-inflammatory complications. The immune status was found to be significantly depressed. Preoperative immunoprophylaxis should be applied to prevent pyo-inflammatory complications after the operation.

[The effect of different types of immunocorrective therapy on the clinical course of chronic myeloleukemia]. / Vliianie razlichnykh vidov immunokorrigiruiushchei terapii na klinicheskoe techenie khronicheskogo mieloleikoza.

Influence of various patterns of immunocorrective therapy on clinical course of chronic myeloleukemia (CML) was studied. It was shown that combinations of drugs with different pharmacological effects provide more than 5-fold decrease in incidence of infection-related complications and promote rapid recovery from infections during antibacterial treatment.