RESUMO
Despite an increasingly detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms of bacteriophage (phage)-bacterial interactions, we lack an understanding of how these interactions evolve and impact disease within patients. In this work, we report a year-long, nationwide study of diarrheal disease patients in Bangladesh. Among cholera patients, we quantified Vibrio cholerae (prey) and its virulent phages (predators) using metagenomics and quantitative polymerase chain reaction while accounting for antibiotic exposure using quantitative mass spectrometry. Virulent phage (ICP1) and antibiotics suppressed V. cholerae to varying degrees and were inversely associated with severe dehydration depending on resistance mechanisms. In the absence of antiphage defenses, predation was "effective," with a high predator:prey ratio that correlated with increased genetic diversity among the prey. In the presence of antiphage defenses, predation was "ineffective," with a lower predator:prey ratio that correlated with increased genetic diversity among the predators. Phage-bacteria coevolution within patients should therefore be considered in the deployment of phage-based therapies and diagnostics.
Assuntos
Bacteriófagos , Cólera , Variação Genética , Vibrio cholerae , Cólera/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Vibrio cholerae/virologia , Bacteriófagos/genética , Bacteriófagos/fisiologia , Humanos , Bangladesh , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto , MetagenômicaRESUMO
Many, if not all, bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to control collective behaviors, and more recently, QS has also been discovered in bacteriophages (phages). Phages can produce communication molecules of their own, or "listen in" on the host's communication processes, to switch between lytic and lysogenic modes of infection. Here, we study the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with the lysogenic phage VP882, which is activated by the QS molecule DPO. We discover that induction of VP882 results in the binding of phage transcripts to the major RNA chaperone Hfq, which in turn outcompetes and downregulates host-encoded small RNAs (sRNAs). VP882 itself also encodes Hfq-binding sRNAs, and we demonstrate that one of these sRNAs, named VpdS, promotes phage replication by regulating host and phage mRNA levels. We further show that host-encoded sRNAs can antagonize phage replication by downregulating phage mRNA expression and thus might be part of the host's phage defense arsenal.
Assuntos
Bacteriófagos , Fator Proteico 1 do Hospedeiro , Percepção de Quorum , Vibrio cholerae , Vibrio cholerae/virologia , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Percepção de Quorum/genética , Bacteriófagos/genética , Bacteriófagos/fisiologia , Fator Proteico 1 do Hospedeiro/metabolismo , Fator Proteico 1 do Hospedeiro/genética , Replicação Viral , Lisogenia , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/metabolismo , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/genética , Pequeno RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos/genéticaRESUMO
Se presenta un estudio de control de foco de un brote de cólera, mediante la técnica observacional del tipo serie de casos, en el mes de julio de 2014 en el Municipio Matanzas, donde se describe, según el método epidemiológico, la relación de los casos detectados con el caso índice; se analiza el problema detectado teniendo en cuenta el enfoque de riesgo del cólera. Se realiza una evolución clínico-epidemiológica de los casos detectados y se analizan las medidas de control de foco aplicadas. Se revisan tanto las historias clínicas individuales en el consultorio del médico de la familia, como las encuestas epidemiológicas y el expediente de control de foco en el departamento de Epidemiología (AU).
A study of control of focus of a bud of cholera is presented, by means of the observational technique of the type series of cases, in the month of July of 2014 in the Municipality Matanzas, where it is described, according to the epidemic method, the relationship of the cases detected with the index case; the detected problem is analyzed keeping in mind the focus of risk of the cholera. He/she is carried out a clinical-epidemic evolution of the detected cases and of the applied measures of focus control. They are revised the clinical histories so much in the clinic of the doctor of the family, as the epidemic surveys and the file of focus control in the department of epidemiology (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cólera/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Vibrio cholerae/patogenicidade , Vibrio cholerae/virologia , Prontuários Médicos , Cólera/complicações , Cólera/diagnóstico , Cólera/patologia , Cólera/terapia , Cólera/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/diagnósticoRESUMO
Objetivo. Analizar los mecanismos de acción de las toxinas de Vibrio cholerae e informar de algunos aspectos fisiopatológicos con énfasis en sus toxinas. Material y Métodos. Revisión de la literatura de los años 1992 a 1997