Gap junctions and their implications for neurogenesis and maturation of synaptic circuitry in the developing neocortex.

ABSTRACT

More and more data accumulate which provide evidence for an important role of gap junctions for the development and function of the mammalian brain. In the neocortex, gap junctions are already present at very early stages of development and they seem to be involved in neurogenesis and neuronal migration. At postnatal stages of development, gap junctions obviously participate in the differentiation of neurons and formation of synapses. Recently, it has been shown that they are responsible for the synchronization of inhibitory network activity, even within the adult mammalian neocortex. Gap junction-mediated interneuronal communication seems to be complementary to the signal transfer created by chemical synapses and, in some cases, these two systems interact or act synergistically. There are, however, many open questions which need to be answered before we can achieve a comprehensive understanding of the function of gap junctions and electrical synapses for the development and function of the neocortex.