[Food allergy]. / Alergia a alimentos.

Food allergy is defined as an abnormal immunological reaction to food proteins, which causes an adverse clinical reaction. Most of the people become tolerant to many foods; however some time these tolerances fail and become an immunologic reaction. This is the first clinical expression of allergy, beginning with dermal o gastric manifestations and continues with asthma and rhinitis (the allergy march) and represents a very severe health problem, not only for many children and parents, but also for the entire medical and paramedical community. The evaluation of a child with suspected food allergy includes detailed medical history, physical examination, screening tests and response to elimination diet and to oral food challenge. None of the screening tests, alone or in combination, can definitively diagnose or exclude it. Regarding to the differential diagnosis, the clinician must know the different groups of foods. The treatment includes the exclusion of the involved food and the use of symptomatic medication when it is needed.