Positive association of serum prolactin concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

AIMS: Increased serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations have been associated with adverse cardiovascular risk profiles, but the relation between PRL and mortality risk is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 3929 individuals (1946 men and 1983 women) aged 20-81 (mean 50.3 years) from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Associations of continuous [per standard deviation (SD) increase] and categorized (sex-specific tertiles) serum PRL concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were analysed separately for men and women by age- and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. During a median follow-up period of 10.1 years (38 231 person-years), 419 deaths (10.7%), 132 cardiovascular deaths (3.4%), and 152 cancer deaths (3.9%) were observed. After multivariable adjustment, we observed a positive association of PRL with all-cause mortality in men and women [hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase: 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.29 and HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.46, respectively]. Similarly, individuals with PRL concentrations in the highest tertile (when compared with lowest PRL tertile) experienced the highest mortality risk (men: HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.32-2.32; women: HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.56), with a significant trend across PRL tertiles (P- for trend <0.05). Cause-specific mortality analyses yielded similar associations for cardiovascular death in both sexes, but for cancer death only in men. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report an independent positive association of PRL concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to elucidate the potential role of PRL as a useful biomarker of cardiovascular risk and mortality assessment.