Risk factors of acute coronary syndrome among Bangladeshi people.

ABSTRACT

Two hundred consecutive patients of acute coronary syndrome aged 30-80 years (inclusive) admitted to the coronary care unit of National institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, were prospectively recruited as cases. Two hundred controls were prospectively selected either from individuals attending in the Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, admitted for elective surgery or in medicine ward for conditions that were unlikely to confound a comparative analysis. The Cases had significantly lower yearly incomes than controls, and significantly higher number of cases is occupied as sedentary worker. Smoking was an important risk factor. About 70% of cases and 45% of controls smoked previously cigarettes. Consumption of non smoke tobacco is another risk factor. The high risk of IHD in developing countries attributed to low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and in our study regular consumption of fruits (taking fruit at least 4 days a week) shows 20.5% cases and 33% of controls (OR 0.524, 95%CI 0.333-0.823) and p value was 0.005. Around 23.5% of the cases were diabetic compared with 4.5% of controls. We found 5% cases and 1.5% controls having known dyslipidemia. Although the body-mass index of cases was 24.68±3.06 Kg/M² and controls 20.54±4.37 Kg/M². The WHR was also significantly greater in cases 0.98±0.05M vs. controls 0.93±0.102M (p<0.001). About 31% of cases and 2% of controls had past history of myocardial infarction. The most predictive independent variables were previous smoking (p<0.001), WHR (p<0.001), history of hypertension (p<0.001), and income (p<0.001). Smoking and WHR were associated with the highest risks. The variables revealed to be significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome by bivariate analyses were all entered into the model directly. Eleven variables entered into the model. Of them Age, occupation, family income (yearly), fruit consumption, known hypertension, known DM, known dyslipidemia, previous MI, previous smoking, BMI and Waist and hip ratio were found to be the independent predictors of acute coronary syndrome. The study found that smoking tobacco, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, visceral obesity and less fruit intake are the important factors of acute coronary syndrome in Bangladesh.