Magnetic resonance imaging of rectal cancer: staging and restaging evaluation.
Abdom Imaging
; 40(7): 2613-29, 2015 Oct.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25759246
ABSTRACT
Magnetic resonance imaging is used to non-invasively stage and restage rectal adenocarcinomas. Accurate staging is important as the depth of tumor extension and the presence or absence of lymph node metastases determines if an individual will undergo preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Accurate description of tumor location is important for presurgical planning. The relationship of the tumor to the anal sphincter in addition to the depth of local invasion determines the surgical approach used for resection. High-resolution T2-weighted imaging is the primary sequence used for initial staging. The addition of diffusion-weighted imaging improves accuracy in the assessment of treatment response on restaging scans. Approximately 10%-30% of individuals will experience a complete pathologic response following chemoradiation with no residual viable tumor found in the resected specimen at histopathologic assessment. In some centers, individuals with no residual tumor visible on restaging MR who are thought to be at high operative risk are monitored with serial imaging and a "watch and wait" approach in lieu of resection. Normal rectal anatomy, MR technique utilized for staging and restaging scans, and TMN staging are reviewed. An overview of surgical techniques used for resection including newer, minimally invasive endoluminal techniques is included.
Key words
Full text:
1
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Rectal Neoplasms
/
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
/
Adenocarcinoma
/
Neoplasm Staging
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Abdom Imaging
Journal subject:
DIAGNOSTICO POR IMAGEM
/
GASTROENTEROLOGIA
Year:
2015
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States