Contaminant-related oxidative distress in common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) breeding at an e-waste site in South China.

The crude electronic waste (e-waste) recycling has caused severe contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the local environment, begging the question of whether wildlife like birds living at e-waste sites are suffering from adverse effects. We examined several oxidative status markers and their relationships with hepatic concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) that inhabit an e-waste site in South China. The results showed that the mean concentrations of ∑PCBs (19100 ng/g) and ∑PBDEs (507 ng/g) in kingfishers from e-waste site were several orders of magnitude higher than those in the species from a reference site. Correspondingly, hepatic concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in kingfishers from the e-waste site were significantly higher than those detected in the reference population, suggesting oxidative distress in the birds breeding at the e-waste site. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver from the exposed group were significantly lower compared with the reference group, while the opposite trend was observed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Significantly positive correlations were observed between PCB or PBDE concentrations and the levels of MDA and ROS; while negative correlations were found for enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT. Overall, our results may suggest a potential linkage between exposure to e-waste-derived pollutants and elevated oxidative stress, thereby indicating a potential oxidative stress-related health effects in common kingfisher breeding at the e-waste site.