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Importance of medicine quality in achieving universal health coverage.
Ozawa, Sachiko; Higgins, Colleen R; Yemeke, Tatenda T; Nwokike, Jude I; Evans, Lawrence; Hajjou, Mustapha; Pribluda, Victor S.
Affiliation
  • Ozawa S; Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
  • Higgins CR; Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
  • Yemeke TT; Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
  • Nwokike JI; Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
  • Evans L; Promoting the Quality of Medicines (PQM) Program, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), Rockville, MD, United States of America.
  • Hajjou M; Promoting the Quality of Medicines (PQM) Program, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), Rockville, MD, United States of America.
  • Pribluda VS; Promoting the Quality of Medicines (PQM) Program, United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP), Rockville, MD, United States of America.
PLoS One ; 15(7): e0232966, 2020.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32645019
OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of ensuring medicine quality in order to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). METHODS: We developed a systems map connecting medicines quality assurance systems with UHC goals to illustrate the ensuing impact of quality-assured medicines in the implementation of UHC. The association between UHC and medicine quality was further examined in the context of essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by analyzing data on reported prevalence of substandard and falsified essential medicines and established indicators for UHC. Finally, we examined the health and economic savings of improving antimalarial quality in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia. FINDINGS: A systems perspective demonstrates how quality assurance of medicines supports dimensions of UHC. Across 63 LMICs, the reported prevalence of substandard and falsified essential medicines was found to be negatively associated with both an indicator for coverage of essential services (p = 0.05) and with an indicator for government effectiveness (p = 0.04). We estimated that investing in improving the quality of antimalarials by 10% would result in annual savings of $8.3 million in Zambia, $14 million in Uganda, $79 million in two DRC regions, and $598 million in Nigeria, and was more impactful compared to other potential investments we examined. Costs of substandard and falsified antimalarials per malaria case ranged from $7 to $86, while costs per death due to poor-quality antimalarials ranged from $14,000 to $72,000. CONCLUSION: Medicines quality assurance systems play a critical role in reaching UHC goals. By ensuring the quality of essential medicines, they help deliver effective treatments that lead to less illness and result in health care savings that can be reinvested towards UHC.
Subject(s)

Full text: 1 Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Quality Assurance, Health Care / Pharmaceutical Preparations / Universal Health Care Type of study: Risk_factors_studies Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: En Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: CIENCIA / MEDICINA Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States

Full text: 1 Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Quality Assurance, Health Care / Pharmaceutical Preparations / Universal Health Care Type of study: Risk_factors_studies Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: En Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: CIENCIA / MEDICINA Year: 2020 Type: Article Affiliation country: United States