Spinal cord injury and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: what do we know and where are we going?

One of the well reported but difficult to manage symptoms of spinal cord injury (SCI) is neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). The type of NLUTD is variable based on location and extent of injury. SCI affects more males and NLUTD is especially debilitating for men with incomplete injury. This review summarizes the anatomical basis of NLUTD in SCI and discusses current diagnostic and management strategies that are being utilized clinically. The last two sections address new innovations and emerging discoveries with the goal of increasing scientific interest in improving treatment options for people with SCI. Areas warranting further investigation are pinpointed to address current gaps in knowledge and/or appropriate technology.