Does sperm DNA fragmentation affect clinical outcomes during vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles? A retrospective analysis of 2034 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles.

BACKGROUND: Sperm DNA is essential in embryo development. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which reflects the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), is a crucial biomarker in evaluating the sperm quality. However, whether SDF influences the clinical outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sperm DNA SDF and clinical outcomes of vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2034 vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles (536 from ICSI and 1498 from IVF) were included in this analysis. According to the sperm DFI, all cycles were divided into two groups (DFI < 27.3% group and DFI ≥ 27.3% group). The Mann-Whitney and chi-squared tests were used to compare patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between the two groups. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between SDF and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The chi-squared test showed no differences in positive human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rates, and live birth rate between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that SDF was not a prognostic predictor of positive HCG, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. CONCLUSION: SDF was not associated with clinical outcomes either in ICSI or IVF cycles during vitrified-warmed single-blastocyst transfer cycles.