Mini-Review: The Diagnostic Methods of Tinea Capitis.

ABSTRACT

Tinea capitis is a widespread superficial fungal infection that affects children predominately. Microscopic examination and fungal culture are the conventional gold standards for diagnosis, but they are insensitive and time-consuming. In recent years, new diagnostic methods have been developed to facilitate the diagnosis and identification of causative pathogens. Trichoscopy examination showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing tinea capitis with the characteristic signs of comma hairs, corkscrew hairs, bar code-like hairs and zigzag hairs. Reflectance confocal microscopy has also been used in the rapid diagnosis of tinea capitis in several studies. Molecular assays such as polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time to flight mass spectrometry are extensively utilized for rapid and accurate identification of the pathogens. Early diagnosis and treatment can aid in disease control and scarring reduction.