High precision microwave measurement based on nitrogen-vacancy color center and application in velocity detection.

ABSTRACT

Wide-range high-precision velocity detection with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center has been realized. By treating the NV color center as a mixer, the high-precision microwave measurement is realized. Through optimization of acquisition time, the microwave frequency resolution is improved to the mHz level. Combined with the frequency-velocity conversion model, velocity detection is realized in the range of 0-100 cm/s, and the velocity resolution is up to 0.012 cm/s. The maximum deviation in repeated measurements does not exceed 1/1000. Finally, combined with the multiplexed microwave reference technique, the range of velocity can be extended to 7.4 × 105 m/s. All of the results provide reference for high-precision velocity detection and play a significant role in various domains of quantum precision measurement. This study provides a crucial technical foundation for the development of high-dynamic-range velocity detectors and novel quantum precision velocity measurement technologies.