The impact of DNA methylation on CTCF-mediated 3D genome organization.
Nat Struct Mol Biol
; 31(3): 404-412, 2024 Mar.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38499830
ABSTRACT
Cytosine DNA methylation is a highly conserved epigenetic mark in eukaryotes. Although the role of DNA methylation at gene promoters and repetitive elements has been extensively studied, the function of DNA methylation in other genomic contexts remains less clear. In the nucleus of mammalian cells, the genome is spatially organized at different levels, and strongly influences myriad genomic processes. There are a number of factors that regulate the three-dimensional (3D) organization of the genome, with the CTCF insulator protein being among the most well-characterized. Pertinently, CTCF binding has been reported as being DNA methylation-sensitive in certain contexts, perhaps most notably in the process of genomic imprinting. Therefore, it stands to reason that DNA methylation may play a broader role in the regulation of chromatin architecture. Here we summarize the current understanding that is relevant to both the mammalian DNA methylation and chromatin architecture fields and attempt to assess the extent to which DNA methylation impacts the folding of the genome. The focus is in early embryonic development and cellular transitions when the epigenome is in flux, but we also describe insights from pathological contexts, such as cancer, in which the epigenome and 3D genome organization are misregulated.
Full text:
1
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Repressor Proteins
/
DNA Methylation
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Nat Struct Mol Biol
Journal subject:
BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
Year:
2024
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
France