[Analysis of myopia status and related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022].

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the current situation of myopia and its related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of myopia among primary school students. Method: In June 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to include 376 third-grade students from a primary school in a certain district of Beijing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information about students, including eye usage habits, reading and writing postures, and parents' myopia conditions. The examination of students' distant visual acuity and refractive status was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of myopia occurrence. Results: The age of 376 primary school students was (8.87±0.417) years old, with 48.40% (182) being male. A total of 196 myopia cases were identified, with a myopia rate of 52.13%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that students who sometimes read while lying down (OR=2.003, 95%CI 1.128-3.555), often read while lying down (OR=18.853, 95%CI 4.512-78.778), had outdoor activity time less than 120 minutes per day (OR=4.937, 95%CI 2.4464-9.892), were engaged in indoor break activities (OR=4.995, 95%CI 2.773-8.996), performed eye exercises less than once per day (OR=8.710, 95%CI 4.464-16.995), had a reading distance from the book less than 30 cm (OR=5.098, 95%CI 2.410-10.787), occasionally maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk (OR=1.918, 95%CI 1.086-3.385), and had high school desks and tables (OR=5.325, 95%CI 1.465-19.359) could have a higher risk of myopia occurrence, compared with those who never read while lying down, had outdoor activity time more than 120 minutes per day, maintained outdoor break activities, performed eye exercises more than once per day, had a reading distance from the book more than 30 cm, always maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk, and had short school desks and tables. Conclusion: The incidence rate of myopia among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City. in 2022 is relatively high. The occurrence of myopia is related to insufficient outdoor activity time and poor eye usage habits.