Correlación entre concentraciones de ácido úrico y mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con evento vascular cerebral isquémico en un centro académico de alta especialidad / Correlation between uric acid levels and mortality in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular accident in an academic center

RESUMEN

Resumen ANTECEDENTES El ácido úrico es un factor de riesgo independiente de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares. OBJETIVO: Analizar el papel del ácido úrico como factor pronóstico en el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, efectuado en un hospital privado y académico. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de evento vascular cerebral en el periodo de 2012 a 2016. Se clasificaron dos grupos pacientes con hiperuricemia y sin hiperuricemia. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 202 pacientes, 59 (30%) con hiperuricemia y 143 (70%) sin hiperuricemia. En el análisis comparativo la mortalidad fue de 7.3% (n = 10) en pacientes sin hiperuricemia y de 5% (n = 3) en pacientes con hiperuricemia (p = 0.56). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de glucosa (p = 0.02), creatinina (p = 0.004), colesterol (p = 0.028), ácido úrico (p ≤ 0.0001) y triglicéridos (p = 0.014) entre ambas poblaciones. El análisis con regresión logística con corrección para potenciales de confusión no encontró asociación significativa entre la existencia de hiperuricemia al ingreso y la probabilidad de muerte (OR 2.098, IC95% 0.47-9.332, p = 0.3304). CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio demuestra que en los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de evento cerebrovascular isquémico las concentraciones de ácido úrico o la hiperuricemia no se relacionan con incremento en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria.

ABSTRACT

Abstract BACKGROUND: Elevations in serum uric acid levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between high uric acid levels and the prognosis of patients with a cerebrovascular accident. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective cohort study performed at a single academic center. All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident during the period between 2012 and 2016 were included in the analysis. Cohorts were segregated in patients with hyperuricemia and patients with normal serum uric acid levels. RESULTS: Two hundred two patients with cerebrovascular accident were analyzed, 59 patients (30%) were diagnosed with hyperuricemia, 143 (70%) were used as a control group. On a comparative analysis, mortality rates were 7.3% (n = 10) on hyperuricemia group vs 5% (n = 3) in the control group (p = 0.056). Significant differences were found on serum cholesterol levels (p = 0.028), uric acid (p ≤ 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.02), creatinine (p = 0.004) and triglycerides levels (p = 0.01) between cohorts. After controlling for potential confusing factors, there wasn't found an association between the increase in serum uric acid levels and the odds of mortality (OR 2.098, IC95% 0.47-9.332, p = 0.3304). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that inpatients diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident mortality rates are not associated with hyperuricemia or increasing levels of serum uric acid.