Sarcoidosis occuring during anti-TNF-alpha treatment for inflammatory rheumatic diseases: report of two cases.

Anti-TNF-alpha agents have been tried in cases of refractory sarcoidosis, giving favourable results. Thus, the occurrence of a granulomatous disease in a patient receiving such drug seems paradoxical. We describe 2 patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease, the first with ankylosing spondylitis, the second with rheumatoid arthritis, under anti-TNF-alpha treatment (infliximab and etanercept respectively) who developed non-caseating granulomas of the lungs and lymph nodes consistent with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Limited and various similar cases have been reported. It is generally considered that these granulomatous diseases are related to the anti-TNF-alpha agent.