The basal activation state of DC subsets correlates with anti-HCV treatment outcome in HCV/HIV co-infected patients.

In this work we evaluated plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid dendritic (mDC) cells activation before and during anti-HCV treatment in HCV+/HIV+ individuals. HCV+/HIV+ patients received Peg-IFN-α2b subcutaneously for 28 days, followed by oral weight-based ribavirin. DCs activation was evaluated by flow cytometry. Baseline pDC CD80 and CD86 expression was correlated with HIV, but not with HCV viral load. A transient decrease of HIV RNA was found not associated with DC activation. When patients were grouped according to early/sustained virological response (EVR/SVR) to anti-HCV treatment, baseline pDC CD80 and CD86 expression was higher in non-EVR and non-SVR compared to EVR and SVR. Moreover, in responder patients CD80 and CD86 were upregulated by IFN-α. Our data suggest a correlation between DCs activation and response to therapy. These findings could be helpful to better understand the mediators of IFN-α action in HCV+/HIV+ patients and to explore possible exploitation of this knowledge to improve therapeutic response.