Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in SD rats detected by polyacrylamide-gel disk electrophoresis.

Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is frequently measured in toxicity studies. In the present study, we assessed the usefulness of a commercially available polyacrylamide-gel disk electrophoresis kit used in humans (AlkPhor System, Jokoh Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) for identifying serum ALP isoenzymes in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (SD rats), which are commonly used in toxicity studies. We also examined age-related changes in serum ALP isoenzymes in SD rats. In order to identify the origin of each ALP isoenzyme, tissue ALP extracts from the liver, bone and small intestine (SI) and serum samples were treated with neuraminidase, antiintestinal ALP antibody, ALP inhibitor levamisole, and/or wheat germ agglutinin. It became clear that pretreatment of serum with neuraminidase is necessary for rat serum ALP isoenzyme analysis. The kit revealed that the main serum ALP isoenzymes in fasted 8-week-old intact rats were bone- and SI-derived and they tended to decrease with age. Serum liver-derived isoenzyme was slightly detected in both sexes of all ages examined, but it greatly increased in cholestasis model rats with bile-duct ligation, and rats of this model also had large molecular ALP detected in the stacking gel, suggesting hepatic damage. High-molecular intestinal ALP isoenzyme was slightly observed at the most cathodal side of the resolving gel. These results suggest that the present method is a useful tool for detecting serum ALP isoenzymes in SD rats and that concomitant levamisole inhibition with another gel is applicable for the evaluation of organ toxicity.