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A self-consistent method to assess air quality co-benefits from U.S. climate policies.
Saari, Rebecca K; Selin, Noelle E; Rausch, Sebastian; Thompson, Tammy M.
Afiliación
  • Saari RK; a Engineering Systems Division , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc ; 65(1): 74-89, 2015 Jan.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25946960
ABSTRACT
Air quality co-benefits can potentially reduce the costs of greenhouse gas mitigation. However, whereas many studies of the cost of greenhouse gas mitigation model the macroeconomic welfare impacts of mitigation, most studies of air quality co-benefits do not. We employ a U.S. computable general equilibrium economic model previously linked to an air quality modeling system and enhance it to represent the economy-wide welfare impacts of fine particulate matter. We present a first application of this method to explore the efficiency and distributional implications of a Clean Energy Standard (CES) and a Cap and Trade (CAT) program that both reduce CO2emissions by 10% in 2030 relative to 2006. We find that co-benefits from fine particulate matter reduction (median $6; $2 to $10/tCO2) completely offset policy costs by 110% (40% to 190%), transforming the net welfare impact of the CAT into a gain of $1 (-$5 to $7) billion 2005$. For the CES, the corresponding co-benefit (median $8; $3 to $14/tCO2) is a smaller fraction (median 5%; 2% to 9%) of its higher policy cost. The eastern United States garners 78% and 71% of co-benefits for the CES and CAT, respectively. By representing the effects of pollution-related morbidities and mortalities as an impact to labor and the demand for health services, we find that the welfare impact per unit of reduced pollution varies by region. These interregional differences can enhance the preference of some regions, such as Texas, for a CAT over a CES, or switch the calculation of which policy yields higher co-benefits, compared with an approach that uses one valuation for all regions. This framework could be applied to quantify consistent air quality impacts of other pricing instruments, subnational trading programs, or green tax swaps.
Asunto(s)

Texto completo: 1 Bases de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Modelos Económicos / Contaminación del Aire / Calentamiento Global Tipo de estudio: Health_economic_evaluation / Prognostic_studies Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: J Air Waste Manag Assoc Asunto de la revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL Año: 2015 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Bases de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Modelos Económicos / Contaminación del Aire / Calentamiento Global Tipo de estudio: Health_economic_evaluation / Prognostic_studies Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: J Air Waste Manag Assoc Asunto de la revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL Año: 2015 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos