Emergent Dirac Gullies and Gully-Symmetry-Breaking Quantum Hall States in ABA Trilayer Graphene.

ABSTRACT

We report on quantum capacitance measurements of high quality, graphite and hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated Bernal stacked trilayer graphene devices. At zero applied magnetic field, we observe a number of electron density- and electrical displacement-tuned features in the electronic compressibility associated with changes in Fermi surface topology. At a high displacement field and low density, strong trigonal warping gives rise to three new emergent Dirac cones in each valley, which we term "gullies." The gullies are centered around the corners of a hexagonal Brillouin zone and related by threefold rotation symmetry. At low magnetic fields of B=1.25 T, the gullies manifest as a change in the degeneracy of the Landau levels from two to three. Weak incompressible states are also observed at integer filling within these triplet Landau levels, which a Hartree-Fock analysis indicates are associated with Coulomb-driven nematic phases that spontaneously break rotation symmetry.