Current status of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies.
Z Gastroenterol
; 58(6): 542-555, 2020 Jun.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32018315
ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignant neoplasms have a high global incidence and a huge impact on cancer-associated mortality. In the past years, excitement was growing among oncologists and patients alike for the use of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors. The approval of several PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors radically changed the treatment landscape in many cancer types and established immune-oncology as a new treatment strategy against cancer. Despite major breakthrough reports, shortcomings of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been observed, including primary and acquired treatment resistance, especially in patients receiving ICIs as a single treatment. Several immunotherapies for the treatment of GI tumors have recently emerged; however, checkpoint inhibition has not yet shown similar success in GI malignancies compared to other solid tumors. Various phase I-III trials focusing on immunotherapies for GI tumors have found only moderate to unsatisfactory objective response rates (ORR), ranging between 10â% and 25â%. In particular, negative studies have been reported in gastric and pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, small subsets of cancers, such as DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instable (MSI) cancers, among others, seem to benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibition. Routine testing for the rare molecular features that can predict response should be implemented in clinical routine for all GI tumors, and large scale clinical trials to identify predictive biomarkers are needed. This article will address the current use and evidence for immunotherapy in GI malignancies and future trends in this area for clinical practice.
Texto completo:
1
Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1
/
Neoplasias Gastrointestinales
/
Inmunoterapia
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Z Gastroenterol
Año:
2020
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania