[Basic aspects of COVID-19 for management from primary care]. / Aspectos básicos de la COVID-19 para el manejo desde atención primaria.

ABSTRACT

SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from person to person by inhalation or contact with respiratory droplets and aerosols. The median incubation period is 5.1 days. Fever, dry cough, dyspnea and fatigue are the most common symptoms. Almost half of the cases are asymptomatic. The spectrum of disease varies from mild (81%) to critical (5%). Older age, male gender and comorbidities negatively impact on the severity and mortality of COVID-19. The diagnosis of acute COVID-19 is made with RT-PCR or antigenic detection tests. In hospital patients, remdesivir reduces recovery time. Oral steroids are recommended for severe or critical cases requiring oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended in all severe and non-severe cases with high thrombotic risk. Antibiotherapy is limited to cases of high suspicion of bacterial superinfection. Mild-moderate and severe cases after discharge from hospital should be clinically monitored for a minimum period of two weeks.