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Biodegradability and Toxicity of Cellobiosides and Melibiosides.
Hogan, David E; Tian, Fei; Malm, Scott W; Kegel, Laurel L; Szabo, Lajos Z; Hunjan, Anoop S; Pemberton, Jeanne E; Klimecki, Walter T; Polt, Robin; Maier, Raina M.
Afiliación
  • Hogan DE; Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Tian F; Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Malm SW; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Kegel LL; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Szabo LZ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Hunjan AS; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Pemberton JE; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Klimecki WT; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Polt R; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
  • Maier RM; Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721.
J Surfactants Deterg ; 23(4): 715-724, 2020 Jul.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34305390
In 2014, almost 16 million tons of surfactants were used globally for cleaning and industrial applications. As a result, massive quantities disperse into environmental compartments every day. There is great market interest in developing highly biodegradable, less-toxic, and renewable alternatives to currently used petroleum-based surfactants. Glycolipid surfactants, composed of a sugar head-group and lipid tail, are effective surfactants and emulsifiers with a high tolerance to electrolytes and are easily tailored to address specific needs. The green synthesis and surfactant characteristics of a suite of cellobiosides and melibiosides were recently described. The biodegradability and toxicity of 1°-alkyl-O-cellobiosides, 2°-alkyl-O-cellobiosides, and 1°-alkyl-O-melibiosides with straight-chain alkyl tails of 8, 10, and 12 are reported in this study. Biodegradability was assessed by quantifying mineralization (CO2 evolution). All of the glycosides were inherently biodegradable and most were readily biodegradable according to OECD and EPA definitions. The Microtox acute toxicity assay showed both chain length and head group had significant effects on toxicity, but most of the molecules were practically non-toxic according to EPA definitions with EC50 values > 100 mg L-1. Cytotoxicity to human lung (H1299) and keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) was measured by xCELLigence and MTS assays. Cytotoxicity values were comparable to similar glycosides previously reported. IC50 values were determined but, in general, exceeded surfactant concentrations that are found in the environment. These data demonstrate the promising nature of these molecules as green alternatives to petrochemical surfactants.
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Texto completo: 1 Bases de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: J Surfactants Deterg Año: 2020 Tipo del documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Bases de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: J Surfactants Deterg Año: 2020 Tipo del documento: Article