Pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pathophysiologic process or an opinion term?

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current guidelines does not include current or former smokers who do not have spirometric airflow limitation in their diagnostic or therapeutic algorithms for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this review is to outline the burden of respiratory morbidity in this population and to discuss the potential utility of their classification as pre-COPD. RECENT FINDINGS: It is increasingly clear that patients with a history of exposure to cigarette smoke or other environmental pollutants may have substantial lung pathology and respiratory impairment even in the absence of airflow limitation, as detected by spirometry. Not all of these patients will develop airflow limitation, but many will have considerable respiratory morbidity and a comparable prognosis to those with classical, spirometrically defined COPD. The use of the term pre-COPD may allow for the identification of these individuals in order to target preventive and earlier therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY: Spirometry is not adequately sensitive to identify many current and former smokers and other exposed populations with significant lung pathology and respiratory symptoms. Though the pathologic processes present in these patients differ, the earlier identification of this pre-COPD population may foster the development of more effective and disease-modifying treatments.