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Exploring the self-reported motivations of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use: a cross-sectional investigation.
Grundmann, Oliver; Veltri, Charles A; Morcos, Diana; Knightes, David; Smith, Kirsten E; Singh, Darshan; Corazza, Ornella; Cinosi, Eduardo; Martinotti, Giovanni; Walsh, Zach; Swogger, Marc T.
Afiliación
  • Grundmann O; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  • Veltri CA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
  • Morcos D; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
  • Knightes D; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
  • Smith KE; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
  • Singh D; Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Corazza O; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
  • Cinosi E; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
  • Martinotti G; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
  • Walsh Z; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, St. Albans, UK.
  • Swogger MT; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse ; 48(4): 433-444, 2022 07 04.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35389321
Background: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use outside of Southeast Asia has increased over the past decade. Objectives: This investigation clarifies kratom's role in perceived well-being, overall health, and temporal correlation with drug use to understand kratom's role in the self-treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: Between July 2019 and July 2020 an anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey was taken by 7,381 people who use kratom (PWUK) recruited through social media and other online resources. This included an assessment of (a) the relationship between self-reported overall health, concomitant use of drugs of misuse, and demographics; (b) the perceived effectiveness of kratom in self-treating diagnosed health conditions or symptoms; (c) the profile of PWUK primarily for drug dependence, pain, and mood or mental health conditions based on demographics. Results: A total of 5,152 valid responses (45.9% females/53.7% males) were collected. Kratom was primarily used for self-treating pain (73.0%) and improving emotional or mental health conditions (42.2%) without clinical supervision. Those with a SUD (synthetic opioids, methadone, benzodiazepines, or heroin) used kratom after discontinuing illicit or other drugs (94.8%). The primary substances taken before or concomitantly with kratom were cannabis, cannabidiol, benzodiazepines, or kava. PWUKs report a dose-dependent benefit for alleviating pain and relieving negative moods. Adverse effects were primarily gastrointestinal, typically at high (>5 g/dose) and frequent (>22 doses/week) dosing. Conclusions: Kratom was primarily used as a harm-reduction agent for SUDs and self-treatment of chronic conditions. Healthcare professionals need better information about kratom, its potential adverse effects, and clinically significant drug interactions.
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Texto completo: 1 Bases de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias / Mitragyna Tipo de estudio: Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Risk_factors_studies Límite: Female / Humans / Male Idioma: En Revista: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Bases de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias / Mitragyna Tipo de estudio: Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Risk_factors_studies Límite: Female / Humans / Male Idioma: En Revista: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos