Preliminary evidence for a Tool to Observe the Construction of Knowledge in Interprofessional teams (TOCK-IP).

Collaborative knowledge construction (KC) is an important process in interprofessional learning and a logical assessment target. A tool supporting the formative evaluation of KC behaviors ideally would be: 1) applicable to interprofessional teams of learners in clinical contexts; 2) informed by contemporary learning frameworks; 3) feasible and useful. No existing assessment tool meets these criteria. This paper describes the development and preliminary validity evidence for a Tool for Observing Construction of Knowledge in Interprofessional teams (TOCK-IP). Following literature review and needs assessment, the TOCK-IP was drafted based upon Gunawardena's five-phase KC model. Educational expert review established content validity. Response process and internal structure validity, feasibility, and utility were assessed through step-wise evaluation. Faculty raters applied the tool to four videos of simulated interactions between health professions learners. Faculty ratings were compared to expert consensus ratings. Thematic analysis of post-rating survey and debrief allowed assessment of feasibility and utility. Across videos, faculty raters' agreement was fair (n = 25; Fleiss' kappa = 0.40, <0.001). Excellent agreement (95%) was found for raters' scores compared to consensus rating. Faculty supported tool feasibility and utility. The TOCK-IP meets the three criteria for evaluating team-level KC and offers a progression roadmap to help learners move toward collaborative learning.