Graphene oxide increases PMMA's resistance to fatigue and strength degradation.

OBJECTIVES: to characterize the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on polymethyl methacrylate's (PMMA) reliability and lifetime. The hypothesis tested was that GO would increase both Weibull parameters and decreased strength degradation over time. METHODS: PMMA disks containing GO (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 wt%) were subjected to a biaxial flexural test to determine the Weibull parameters (m: modulus of Weibull; σ0: characteristic strength; n = 30 at 1 MPa/s) and slow crack growth (SCG) parameters (n: subcritical crack growth susceptibility coefficient, σf0: scaling parameter; n = 10 at 10-2, 10-1, 101, 100 and 102 MPa/s). Strength-probability-time (SPT) diagrams were plotted by merging SCG and Weibull parameters. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the m value of all materials. However, 0.5 GO presented the lowest σ0, whereas all other groups were similar. The lowest n value obtained for all GO-modified PMMA groups (27.4 for 0.05 GO) was higher than the Control (15.6). The strength degradation predicted after 15 years for Control was 12%, followed by 0.01 GO (7%), 0.05 GO (9%), 0.1 GO (5%), and 0.5 GO (1%). SIGNIFICANCE: The hypothesis was partially accepted as GO increased PMMA's fatigue resistance and lifetime but did not significantly improve its Weibull parameters. GO added to PMMA did not significantly affect the initial strength and reliability but significantly increased PMMA's predicted lifetime. All the GO-containing groups presented higher resistance to fracture at all times analyzed compared with the Control, with the best overall results observed for 0.1 GO.