X-CoOTe (X = S, Se, and P) with Oxygen/Tellurium Dual Vacancies and Banana Stem Fiber-Derived Carbon Fiber as Battery-Type Cathode and Anode Materials for Asymmetric Supercapacitor.

ABSTRACT

In this work, we demonstrated the synthesis of anions (X = selenium (Se), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P)) doped cobalt oxytelluride (X-CoOTe) with oxygen and tellurium dual vacancies using hydrothermal methods, followed by selenization, sulfurization, and phosphorization reactions. Especially, the Se-CoOTe-modified nickel foam (Se-CoOTe/NF) electrode delivered a higher specific capacity (752.95 C/g) and an extremely lower charge transfer resistance (0.87 Ω) than S-CoOTe/NF and P-CoOTe/NF due to the higher metallic conductivity of Se. Both oxygen and tellurium vacancies facilitate higher charge transfer conductivity, specific capacity, and stability. On the other hand, banana stem core fiber-derived activated carbon fiber (AC) with exfoliated carbon sheet, cracked surface, and corresponding high surface area boosts the excellent cycle stability up to 4000 cycles with capacitance retention of 100.29%. Thus, the asymmetric device (Se-CoOTe/NF//AC/NF) exhibited an extendable cell voltage (1.55 V), higher energy density (155.6 W h kg-1) at a power density (1356.2 W kg-1), and generous long-term stability (100% retention up to 10 000 cycles) in a liquid alkaline electrolyte. In the practicability test, the proposed asymmetric device mutually showed an increased operating voltage from 1.55 to 4.65 V for a three-series connection. In a three-series connection, a single white LED and an LED string glowed efficiently. This new finding will be very useful to develop tellurium-based chalcogenides and biowaste-derived carbon for energy storage applications.