Biology's transformation: from observation through experiment to computation.

ABSTRACT

Summary: We explore the nuanced temporal and epistemological distinctions among natural sciences, particularly the contrasting treatment of time and the interplay between theory and experimentation. Physics, an exemplar of mature science, relies on theoretical models for predictability and simulations. In contrast, biology, traditionally experimental, is witnessing a computational surge, with data analytics and simulations reshaping its research paradigms. Despite these strides, a unified theoretical framework in biology remains elusive. We propose that contemporary global challenges might usher in a renewed emphasis, presenting an opportunity for the establishment of a novel theoretical underpinning for the life sciences. Availability and implementation https//github.com/ouzounis/CLS-emerges Data in Json format, Images in PNG format.