Sex-Based Differences in Persistent Lung Inflammation Following Influenza Infection of Juvenile Outbred Mice.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
; 2024 May 29.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38810239
ABSTRACT
Children are susceptible to influenza infections and can experience severe disease presentation due to a lack of or limited pre-existing immunity. Despite the disproportionate impact influenza has on this population, there is a lack of focus on pediatric influenza research, particularly when it comes to identifying the pathogenesis of long-term outcomes that persist beyond the point of viral clearance. In this study, juvenile outbred male and female mice were infected with influenza and analyzed following viral clearance to determine how sex impacts the persistent inflammatory responses to influenza. It was found that females maintained a broader cytokine response in the lung following clearance of influenza, with innate, type I and type II cytokine signatures in almost all mice. Males, on the other hand, had higher levels of IL-6 and other macrophage-related cytokines, but no evidence of a type I or type II response. The immune landscape was similar in the lungs between males and females post-infection, but males had a higher regulatory T cell to TH1 ratio compared to female mice. Cytokine production positively correlated with the frequency of TH1 cells and exudate macrophages, as well as the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, female lungs were enriched for metabolites involved in the glycolytic pathway, suggesting glycolysis is higher in female lungs compared to males after viral clearance. These data suggest juvenile female mice have persistent and excessive lung inflammation beyond the point of viral clearance, while juvenile males had a more immunosuppressive phenotype.
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Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
Asunto de la revista:
BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
/
FISIOLOGIA
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos