Respiratory effects on experimental heat pain and cardiac activity.
Pain Med
; 10(8): 1334-40, 2009 Nov.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19671085
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
Slow deep breathing has been proposed as an effective method to decrease pain. However, experimental studies conducted to validate this claim have not been carried out.DESIGN:
We measured thermal pain threshold and tolerance scores from 20 healthy adults during five different conditions, namely, during natural breathing (baseline), slow deep breathing (6 breaths/minute), rapid breathing (16 breaths/minute), distraction (video game), and heart rate (HR) biofeedback. We measured respiration (rate and depth) and HR variability from the electrocardiogram (ECG) output and analyzed the effects of respiration on pain and HR variability using time and frequency domain measures of the ECG.RESULTS:
Compared with baseline, thermal pain threshold was significantly higher during slow deep breathing (P = 0.002), HR biofeedback (P < 0.001), and distraction (P = 0.006), whereas thermal pain tolerance was significantly higher during slow deep breathing (P = 0.003) and HR biofeedback (P < 0.001). Compared with baseline, only slow deep breathing and HR biofeedback conditions had an effect on cardiac activity. These conditions increased the amplitude of vagal cardiac markers (peak-to-valley, P < 0.001) as well as low frequency power (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:
Slow deep breathing and HR biofeedback had analgesic effects and increased vagal cardiac activity. Distraction also produced analgesia; however, these effects were not accompanied by concomitant changes in cardiac activity. This suggests that the neurobiology underlying respiratory-induced analgesia and distraction are different. Clinical implications are discussed, as are the possible cardiorespiratory processes responsible for mediating breathing-induced analgesia.
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Fenômenos Fisiológicos Respiratórios
/
Biorretroalimentação Psicológica
/
Exercícios Respiratórios
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Manejo da Dor
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Frequência Cardíaca
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Hiperalgesia
Limite:
Adult
/
Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Pain Med
Assunto da revista:
NEUROLOGIA
/
PSICOFISIOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2009
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Canadá