Heat exposure induces tissue stress in heat-intolerant, but not heat-tolerant, mice.

We investigated the association of systemic and local tissue stress responses with heat-tolerant (TOL) levels in mice. Thirty-eight mice were assigned into control and three heat exposure groups-TOL, moderately tolerant, and intolerant (INT), based on their overall thermal responses. Real-time core temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were assessed during heat exposure (39.5 °C) under conscious condition. Tissue samples were collected 18-22 h following heat exposure. INT mice had significantly higher peak mean arterial pressure and HR than TOL mice during heat exposure. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly higher in INT than in control mice. No significant changes in plasma cytokines or markers of oxidative status were observed. INT mice showed significant increases in HSP72 and HSP90 protein and mRNA levels in liver, heart, and gastrocnemius muscles compared to TOL and control mice. In contrast, INT mice had significantly lower heat shock factor 1 and glucocorticoid receptor protein and mRNA levels in these tissues than TOL and control mice. These results indicate that acute heat exposure induces stress responses in various tissues of INT mice, but not TOL mice. Upregulation of stress proteins by acute heat exposure involves both transcriptional and translational pathways.