Disease Control, Health Resource Use, Healthcare Costs, and Predictors in Gout Patients in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France: A Retrospective Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to assess disease control, health resource utilization (HRU), and healthcare costs, and their predictors in gout patients across the USA, UK, Germany, and France. METHODS: Data were extracted from the PharMetrics Plus (USA), Clinical Practice Research Datalink-Hospital Episode Statistics (UK), and Disease Analyzer databases (Germany and France) for adult gout patients over a 3-year period: 2009-2011 (all dates +1 year for France). Patients had "prevalent established gout" (i.e., were treated with urate-lowering therapy [ULT] or eligible for ULT based on American College of Rheumatology guidelines) in the preindex panel-year, with January 1 of the second study year as the study index date. Assessments of disease control (uncontrolled gout definition: ≥1 serum urate (sUA) elevation or ≥2 flares; analysis limited to the subpopulation with sUA) data, HRU, and costs were in the second post-index panel-year, while potential predictors (demographics and gout treatment characteristics) were identified in the first post-index panel-year. RESULTS: Treatment rates were high (>70% with chronic urate-lowering treatment in all countries but France), while between 31.3% (France) and 62.9% (USA) of patients remained uncontrolled. Predictors of control included female gender and high adherence. In Germany, the UK, and France, lack of disease control predicted increased gout-attributed costs and increased HRU, both gout-attributed (also in the USA) and non-gout-attributed. CONCLUSION: Gout management remains suboptimal, as many patients remain uncontrolled despite using urate-lowering treatment. Effective and convenient treatment options are needed to improve disease control and minimize additional HRU and costs. FUNDING: AstraZeneca.