Sex-specific factors regulating pressure and flow.

ABSTRACT

NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? There are sex- and sex-hormone-specific differences in autonomic control of blood pressure, central haemodynamics and cerebral blood flow. What advances does it highlight? Sex differences in autonomic control of blood pressure may underlie other sex-specific characteristics associated with cerebral blood flow, which can, in turn, affect tissue function. Over the last decade, there have been many published reports on sex differences in blood pressure regulation between young men and young women. The autonomic nervous system is a primary contributor to both acute and long-term blood pressure regulation. Sex differences in blood pressure regulation are likely to have effects that extend beyond mean arterial pressure and that can affect blood flow and tissue function. This short review includes recent literature from our laboratory focusing on autonomic control of the circulation, specifically age- and sex-hormone-related differences in central haemodynamics and cerebral blood flow, and discusses potential clinical implications.