Effectiveness of meibomian gland massage combined with topical levofloxacin against ocular surface flora in patients before penetrating ocular surgery.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacterial profile in the conjunctiva and meibomian glands in patients before penetrating ocular surgeries, and to compare the anti-bacterial efficacy of 0.5% levofloxacin and its combination with meibomian gland massage. DESIGN: Hospital-based, case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and twenty-six eyes from 226 patients with non-infective ocular diseases and scheduled for penetrating ocular surgeries. METHODS: Tested eyes were administered topical 0.5% levofloxacin (4 times daily) for 2 days. Among them, 91 eyes received meibomian gland massage before levofloxacin application. Samples from the conjunctival sac and meibomian glands were collected for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Culture-positivity and bacterial strains. RESULTS: Before treatment, aerobes and anaerobes were cultured from 38.5% and 11.0% of the conjunctival samples respectively, compared with 38.5% and 8.8% in the meibomian secretions respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes were the commonest isolated aerobe and anaerobe. Two-day application of levofloxacin reduced aerobic growth to 29.6% in the conjunctiva and 19.3% in the meibomian glands. It had no effect on the anaerobes in these regions (13.3% in the conjunctiva and 10.4% in the meibomian glands). Combined levofloxacin with meibomian gland massage further reduced aerobic growth to 19.8% in the conjunctiva and 11.0% in the meibomian glands. It also drastically decreased anaerobic growth in the meibomian glands (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Meibomian glands carrying considerable bacteria should be considered as a potential source of contamination in ocular surgery. Meibomian gland massage shows additional anti-bacterial effects to topical levofloxacin and could be recommended as a complementary preoperative prophylaxis.