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Small Water Bodies in Great Britain and Ireland: Ecosystem function, human-generated degradation, and options for restorative action.
Riley, William D; Potter, Edward C E; Biggs, Jeremy; Collins, Adrian L; Jarvie, Helen P; Jones, J Iwan; Kelly-Quinn, Mary; Ormerod, Steve J; Sear, David A; Wilby, Robert L; Broadmeadow, Samantha; Brown, Colin D; Chanin, Paul; Copp, Gordon H; Cowx, Ian G; Grogan, Adam; Hornby, Duncan D; Huggett, Duncan; Kelly, Martyn G; Naura, Marc; Newman, Jonathan R; Siriwardena, Gavin M.
Afiliação
  • Riley WD; The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK. Electronic address: bill.riley@cefas.co.uk.
  • Potter ECE; The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
  • Biggs J; Freshwater Habitats Trust, Bury Knowle House, North Place, Oxford, OX3 9HY, UK.
  • Collins AL; Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK.
  • Jarvie HP; NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
  • Jones JI; Queen Mary University of London, The River Laboratory, East Stoke, Wareham, Dorset BH20 6BB, UK.
  • Kelly-Quinn M; School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
  • Ormerod SJ; UK Cardiff School of Biosciences and Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
  • Sear DA; Department of Geography & Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK.
  • Wilby RL; Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
  • Broadmeadow S; Forestry Commission, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK.
  • Brown CD; Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, Yorkshire YO10 5NG, UK.
  • Chanin P; North View Cottage, Union Road, Crediton, Devon EX17 3AL, UK.
  • Copp GH; The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
  • Cowx IG; Hull International Fisheries Institute, School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, UK.
  • Grogan A; RSPCA Wildlife Department, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK.
  • Hornby DD; Department of GeoData, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK.
  • Huggett D; Environment Agency, Lateral, 8 City Walk, Leeds, Yorkshire LS11 9AT, UK.
  • Kelly MG; 11 Monteigne Drive, Bowburn, Durham DH6 5QB, UK.
  • Naura M; River Restoration Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
  • Newman JR; Waterland Management Ltd, 4a Spa Hill, Kirton Lindsey, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, DN21 4NE, UK.
  • Siriwardena GM; British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, UK.
Sci Total Environ ; 645: 1598-1616, 2018 Dec 15.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30248877
ABSTRACT
Small, 1st and 2nd-order, headwater streams and ponds play essential roles in providing natural flood control, trapping sediments and contaminants, retaining nutrients, and maintaining biological diversity, which extend into downstream reaches, lakes and estuaries. However, the large geographic extent and high connectivity of these small water bodies with the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem makes them particularly vulnerable to growing land-use pressures and environmental change. The greatest pressure on the physical processes in these waters has been their extension and modification for agricultural and forestry drainage, resulting in highly modified discharge and temperature regimes that have implications for flood and drought control further downstream. The extensive length of the small stream network exposes rivers to a wide range of inputs, including nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, sediment and emerging contaminants. Small water bodies have also been affected by invasions of non-native species, which along with the physical and chemical pressures, have affected most groups of organisms with consequent implications for the wider biodiversity within the catchment. Reducing the impacts and restoring the natural ecosystem function of these water bodies requires a three-tiered approach based on restoration of channel hydromorphological dynamics; restoration and management of the riparian zone; and management of activities in the wider catchment that have both point-source and diffuse impacts. Such activities are expensive and so emphasis must be placed on integrated programmes that provide multiple benefits. Practical options need to be promoted through legislative regulation, financial incentives, markets for resource services and voluntary codes and actions.
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Texto completo: 1 Bases de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Poluição da Água / Ecossistema / Água Doce Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Sci Total Environ Ano de publicação: 2018 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Bases de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Poluição da Água / Ecossistema / Água Doce Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Sci Total Environ Ano de publicação: 2018 Tipo de documento: Article