Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace chemical warfare agent simulants.

ABSTRACT

We report the measurement of waveguide-enhanced Raman spectra from trace concentrations of four vapor-phase chemical warfare agent simulants dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate, trimethyl phosphate, and triethyl phosphate. The spectra are obtained using highly evanescent nanophotonic silicon nitride waveguides coated with a naturally reversible hyperbranched carbosilane sorbent polymer and exhibit extrapolated one-σ detection limits as low as 5 ppb. We use a finite-element model to explain the polarization and wavelength properties of the differential spectra. In addition, we assign spectral features to both the analyte and the sorbent, and show evidence of changes to both due to hydrogen bonding.