Outdoor air pollution and the burden of childhood asthma across Europe.
Eur Respir J
; 54(4)2019 10.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31391220
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Emerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to childhood asthma development. We estimated the burden of incident childhood asthma that may be attributable to outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5â µm in diameter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) in Europe.METHODS:
We combined country-level childhood incidence rates and pooled exposure-response functions with childhood (age 1-14â years) population counts, and exposure estimates at 1â540â386 1â km×1â km cells, across 18 European countries and 63â442â419 children. Annual average pollutant concentrations were obtained from a validated and harmonised European land-use regression model. We investigated two exposure reduction scenarios. For the first, we used recommended annual World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values. For the second, we used the minimum air pollution levels recorded across 41 studies in the underlying meta-analysis.RESULTS:
NO2 ranged from 1.4 to 70.0â µg·m-3, with a mean of 11.8â µg·m-3. PM2.5 ranged from 2.0 to 41.1â µg·m-3, with a mean of 11.6â µg·m-3. BC ranged from 0.003 to 3.7×10-5â m-1, with a mean of 1.0×10-5â m-1. Compliance with the NO2 and PM2.5 WHO guidelines was estimated to prevent 2434 (0.4%) and 66â567 (11%) incident cases, respectively. Meeting the minimum air pollution levels for NO2 (1.5â µg·m-3), PM2.5 (0.4â µg·m-3) and BC (0.4×10-5â m-1) was estimated to prevent 135â257 (23%), 191â883 (33%) and 89â191 (15%) incident cases, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:
A significant proportion of childhood asthma cases may be attributable to outdoor air pollution and these cases could be prevented. Our estimates underline an urgent need to reduce children's exposure to air pollution.
Texto completo:
1
Bases de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Asma
/
Poluição do Ar
/
Exposição Ambiental
/
Material Particulado
/
Dióxido de Nitrogênio
Tipo de estudo:
Incidence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Systematic_reviews
Limite:
Adolescent
/
Child
/
Child, preschool
/
Humans
/
Infant
País/Região como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Eur Respir J
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos