Heterologous peptide display on chromatin nanofibers: A new strategy for peptide vaccines.

Chromatin organization starts from a "beads-on-a string" 10 nm fiber, a basic nucleosomal structure consisting of DNA and core histones. Given its regular nucleosome array on DNA backbone where N-terminal tails of each histone are exposed on the surface of chromatin fiber, we hypothesized that chromatin can be utilized as a heterologous peptide carrier to elicit a peptide-specific immune response. The plasmid DNA containing the Widom's clone 601 sequence and the recombinant chimeric histones containing the peptide derived from ras oncogene (G12V) were used to assemble the chromatin fiber in vitro. The immunogenicity of the assembled chromatin was tested in mice as a single vaccine component or formulated with adjuvants. G12V tagged-chromatin co-administered with adjuvants induced higher antibody responses against the G12V peptide than vaccination with adjuvant alone, while chimeric histones did not generate a significant antibody response. Interestingly, splenocytes from mice vaccinated with the G12V tagged-chromatin vaccine did not generate significant antigen-specific cytokine responses. Our studies suggest that chromatin can be utilized as an effective carrier of antigenic peptides for inducing specific antibody responses.