Assessing Immune Responses in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease resulting in the loss of insulin production and, consequently, hyperglycemia. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse develops spontaneous diabetes with considerable similarity to the disease in humans. Immunological studies using the NOD mouse model allow for the investigation of the natural history of the disease and leukocyte and lymphocyte pathogenic and regulatory functions, as well as testing potential therapies for intervention. The analyses of the cellular events leading up to diabetes may utilize different in vitro cellular assays, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo adoptive transfer, to study mechanisms of the disease and the effects of therapeutic intervention. In this chapter, we describe some common techniques for phenotyping and mechanistic analyses of function, particularly of CD8+ T cells.